Childhood underweight and overweight/obesity remain as major public health concerns all over the world. The "double burden" of nutrition, reflected in the fact that underweight is still existing, while overweight/obesity is escalating, has been one of the biggest challenges regarding non-communicable diseases of most of low- and middle-income countries, including Vietnam. Risk factors associated with unhealthy weight circumstances of children and adolescents need to be well-examined in order to prevent and control future consequences. This study aimed to explore the situation of underweight and overweight/obesity, as well as correlations between different health-related factors and the nutritional status of children and adolescents, based on the dataset of 2013 Vietnam Global School-based Students Health Survey.