Gjone, Gunnar2024-09-042024-09-042004-06-01Teaching Mathematics and Computer Science, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2004) , 117-1321589-7389https://hdl.handle.net/2437/379526Graphing and symbol manipulating calculators are now a part of mathematics education in many countries. In Norway symbol manipulating calculators have been used at various exams in upper secondary education. An important finding in mathematics education is the duality of mathematical entities – processes and objects. Building on the theoretical development by Anna Sfard and others, the students' solutions on exam problems in upper secondary education are discussed with reference to procedural and structural knowledge.application/pdfprocedural/conceptual knowledgecomputer algebra systemscalculatorsfolyóiratcikkOpen AccessGunnar Gjonehttps://doi.org/10.5485/TMCS.2004.0052Teaching Mathematics and Computer Science12Teach. Math. Comp. Sci.2676-8364