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Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető A humánszolgáltatás igazgatásaTulipánné Frindik, Enikő; Árva, Zsuzsanna; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarA téma azért érdekel, mert átszövi a mindennapjainkat, emberi kapcsolatainkat. Önmagában a kifejezés is a francia „humain” és a latin „humanus”, vagyis emberi szavakból ered. Jelentése: emberre jellemző magatartás, hozzáállás, gondolkodásmód, az emberrel kapcsolatos, hozzá tartozó dolog. Jellemzője az előre gondolkodás. Értékei közt nagy jelentősége van a szabadságnak. A humán közösségek összetartó ereje a segítség és a szolgálat.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető A jog és a jogi szimbólumok megjelenése George R. R. Martin: A tűz és jég dala könyvsorozatábanMolnár, Levente; Szűcs Lászlóné Siska , Katalin; Talabos Dávidné Lukács , Nikolett; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarA jog és a jogi szimbólumok megjelenése George R. R. Martin: A tűz és jég dala könyvsorozatában Tisztelt olvasó. A Tűz és Jég dala könyvsorozat nem hagyományos fantasy elemek miatt vált népszerűvé, ugyanis a könyvekben a mágián, a sárkányokon túl élőholtak (vagyis a „mások”) is megjelennek. A lebilincselő fantasy, egy klasszikus lovagkirályságot tár az olvasó elé. Dolgozatomban számos oldalról körbe jártam a könyvben megjelenő jog és a jogi szimbólumok megjelenését. Pályamunkám első részében áttekintést és keretet adok arról a világról, amelyben a történeti cselekmények zajlanak. Pályamunkám második részében ütköztettem a megjelenő jogi elemeket és jogi szimbólumokat az általam tanult jog-, alkotmánytörténeti és hadtörténeti ismereteimmel, ami legfőképpen a középkori magyar korra volt jellemző. A pályamunkám a fő mondanivalóját igyekeztem bemutatni számos példával, hasonlatokkal és párhuzamokkal, valamint képekkel. Pályamunkámban fontosnak tartottam részletesebben is ismertetni a középkori alkotmányos berendezkedést, a hatalomgyakorlást és a jogtörténeti párhuzamokat. Megvizsgáltam a könyvben, valamint a HBO által készített film sorozatban megjelenő ítélkezést, bíráskodást és megállapítottam, hogy nagyban eltér a sorozat a magyar történelemhez képest. Jobban tanulmányoztam a hadtudomány megjelenését a regényekben és azon belül is a középkori lovagi kultúrát és harcmodort mutattam be. Továbbá részletesen taglatam a koronázási hagyományokat és a könyvsorozatban megjelenő címereket. The emergence of law and legal symbols in George R. R. Martin's Song of Fire and Ice series Dear reader. The Song of Fire and Ice series of books has become popular because of its non-traditional fantasy elements, as undead (the "others") appear in the books alongside magic and dragons. It is a captivating fantasy that takes the reader into a classic knightly kingdom. In my thesis, I have explored the appearance of law and legal symbols in the book from several angles. In the first part of my thesis, I provide an overview and framework of the world in which the story takes place. In the second part of my thesis, I have contrasted the legal elements and legal symbols that appear with my knowledge of the history of law, constitutional history and military history, which was mainly characteristic of the medieval Hungarian period. I have tried to illustrate the main message of my essay with a number of examples, analogies and parallels, and images. I also considered it important to describe in detail the medieval constitutional system, the exercise of power and the legal-historical parallels. I examined the judgments and rulings in the book and in the film series produced by HBO and found that the series differed greatly from Hungarian history. I studied more closely the appearance of military science in the novels and within that, I presented medieval chivalric culture and fighting styles. I also gave a detailed analysis of the coronation traditions and the coats of arms that appear in the book series.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The role of International Law in Addressing Cybersecurity Threats: Challenges, Norms and Enforcement MechanismsUkoha, Dumebi David; Zaccaria, Márton Leó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarIn the world today, cybersecurity threats pose significant risks to individuals, businesses, and governments. This work aims to discuss the role of international law in addressing these cybersecurity threats, with specific reference to cyber norms of responsible cyber behaviour and the enforcement mechanisms and challenges international law faces in addressing these threats. It was observed that the lack of efficient enforcement mechanisms, and the fast-paced advancement of cyberspace, among others, are some of the challenges international law faces in addressing cybersecurity threats. This research also found that the regulation of cyberspace through the establishment of cyber norms is a gradual process that should be commended. The research as a way of conclusion, recommended enhanced cooperation among States, collaborative efforts between states and non-state actors, investments in cutting-edge technology, and creating thorough incident response plans.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Legal System of Iraq's State Organization for Selling Oil: A Comparative Study with EU, US, and Other Middle Eastern ModelsIsmael Haqi, Blesa; Fézer , Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis Thesis comparing the legal systems of different models, such as Iraq's state organization for selling oil, Hungarian Mol company, US Exxon Mobil, and Saudi Aramco, this thesis aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by oil marketing companies in the current energy transition. Through a detailed analysis of the historical, structural, functional, and regulatory aspects of the selling process, this thesis offers insights into the complex and dynamic nature of the oil industry's legal landscape.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Banking transactions and comparison between the EU law and Egyptian lawTarek Sayed Mohamed Aboalsoud, Nada; Tamás, Fézer; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe thesis "Banking Transactions and Comparison between the EU Law and Egyptian Law" examines and compares the legal framework governing banking transactions in the European Union and Egypt. It delves into the regulatory framework, including the EU Directives and Egyptian Banking Law, and analyzes the key principles and concepts applicable to various banking activities, such as deposit accounts, lending, and payments.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető EU Merger Control in Innovative IndustriesKharytonova, Diana; Bartha, Ildikó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe paper explores the regulatory framework of the European Union (EU) for mergers and acquisitions in innovative industries, such as technology, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. The study aims to compare the EU's approach to merger control with that of other jurisdictions, such as the USA and Republic of Korea, to highlight the challenges and opportunities in regulating mergers in innovative industries. It delves into the criteria used to assess mergers, the consideration of potential competition, while discussing the policy implications of these assessments in balancing innovation and competition. The thesis also addresses the evolving nature of digital markets and its implications for merger control, particularly in relation to emerging technologies and platforms. Through this comparative analysis, the study contributes to the ongoing discussion on the effectiveness of merger control in fostering innovation and maintaining competitive markets in the EU and beyond.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Distribution Agreements in European UnionMackovicova, Adriana; Fezer, Tamas; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe thesis deals with comprehensive examination of distribution strategies employed by manufacturers, considering diverse channels ranging from direct sales to indirect sales via various intermediaries. The thesis cosiders the advantages and challenges associated with indirect sales, differenciate between Agency Agreements and Distribution Agreements and identifies the pitfalls of dual capacity in distribution. The analysis extends to the evolving landscape of e-commerce, shedding light on the implications of the new VBER and Guidelines. The legal form of Distribution Agreement is discribed, advocating for clarity and specificity in defining terms between suppliers and distributors. With a commitment to bridging theory and practice, this thesis provides businesses with a valuable resource in form of FAQs to navigate the complexities of distribution, fostering transparent, compliant, and enduring commercial relationships.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Comparison between free movement of trade in Eu and AfricaElobeid Mohamed, Moneeb; Bartha, Ildikó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarMy thesis is a comparison between the free movement of trade in EU and Africa. I have explained in details about the EU background and treaties and on the other side explained about the ECOWAS and AFCFTA which is the two main regional integration in Africa. I stated the recommendation of the EU and ECOWAS and AFCFTA and what is missing to become better but focused more on the recommendation of ECOWAS and AFCFTA. I have explained the advantages and disadvantages of the free movement of trade in the EU and as well as the obstacles facing the free movement in the EU. And last but not least i have stated the advanatges of AFCFTA to the African economy and benefits of ECOWAS.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Britain and Europe: Changing Perspectives on IntegrationForrester, Benjamin; Bartha, Ildikó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarBritain's identity as an entity, separate from the European Continent, started not as a political concept but as a geographical one. Around 8,000 years ago, the last land-links between Ancient Britain and Europe became flooded, creating the British Isles. The juxtaposition of these islands lying just miles from the European Continent, yet distinctly sticking out into the Atlantic has come to dominate British history, law and politics to the present day. As Europe has sought closer integration for the better part of the last century, Britain has always found itself in an awkward position regarding its place therein. This essay, entitled ‘Britain and Europe: Changing Perspectives on Integration’, aims to explore how attitudes of the political elites and of the public towards European integration have changed over time. The topic will be split into three broad chapters. Chapter I will focus on traditional ideas on European integration, looking first at the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty and Britain’s historical power ambitions and identity, before analysing the beginnings of European integration with the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community, and then turning to Britain’s initial post-war ‘three-doctrines’ policy, whereby it aimed to be associated with, but stay out of the emerging European Community. Chapter II will look at Britain’s accession to the European Community, looking at the changing times which led to the shift in Britain’s European policy and the unsuccessful attempts at membership in the 1960s, before Prime Minster Ted Heath finally managed to strike a deal with the European Community, leading to Britain’s membership in 1973. We will then turn to the constitutional implications of membership. Chapter III will be centred around Brexit. We will first look at the historical background to modern Euroscepticism, then analyse the reasons behind Euroscepticism, before detailing the circumstances which led to the 2016 referendum and Brexit. We will conclude the chapter by looking at the UK’s current relationship with the European Union and the possibilities surrounding future European integration for Britain. From the British standpoint, perspectives on integration with Europe are essentially a question of where sovereignty should lie. Thus, one of the main recurring themes throughout the essay shall be sovereignty, including an analysis of Diceyan parliamentary sovereignty prior to joining the European Community, the constitutional effects of becoming a party to the Treaty of Rome, as well as the state of parliamentary sovereignty post-Brexit.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Legal aspects of the Common Security and Defense Policy of the EUMingazhova, Kamila; Bartha , Ildikó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe European Union is one of the leading players in the struggle for the maintenance of peace and security of mankind. In the field of common European integration, the State defense of the European Union is of great importance. In the fight against new threats and challenges, the European Union devotes more and more time to this issue. Brexit, illegal migration, terrorism, armed conflicts and crises have given a new wave of discussions about the formation of the European Union's own army. The purpose of the creation, which is to strengthen its own defense and reduce dependence on NATO.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The role of freedom movement of persons affecting the economy of the European Union countriesMouhamad, Almasri; Bartha, Ildikó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarFree movement of persons refers to the right of individuals to move freely within the borders of a country or between different countries. It is a fundamental right enshrined in international human rights law and is often linked with the broader concept of freedom of movement, which includes the right to travel, live and work in any part of the world. Free movement of persons is an important aspect of globalization and the development of international trade, as it allows people to move across borders to find employment, education, and other opportunities. It can also help to promote cultural exchange and facilitate the spread of ideas and knowledge.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Legal Recognition of Electronic Bills of Lading in Turkish and European Law: A Comparative Analysis and Its Impact on Maritime Trade between Turkey and the European UnionÖztaş, Fatma Nur; Fézer , Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe study explores the electronic bill of lading thoroughly and its recognition under International Legislation. It analyzes the legal recognition of electronic bill of lading under Turkish law and EU law. The recognition matter is examined in detail from various perspectives such as practical application. Therefore, the effect of the recognition of eB/L to maritime trade relations of two regions was clarified. Lastly, study includes recommendations on how to benefit from electronic bill of lading in maritime trade aspects.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Israel's Obligation Toward Palestinain Foreign TradeSholi, Sara; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe paper discussed Israel’s obligations toward Palestinian foreign trade under the PP, besides the Israeli restrictions imposed on Palestinian foreign trade, and the possibilities for Palestine to have membership of WTO as a separate customs territory by adopting the descriptive analytical approach methodology. It appears that the main obstacle is Israeli control over the borders and the restrictions imposed on the movement of goods and persons between Palestine and the third countries because of security excuses, besides the Israeli taxes collection policies that affect the PNA budget, violating the bilateral agreements and international treaties. However, this does not mean that Palestine does not have full autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations, such as the free trade agreements between Palestine and third countries, and Palestine set its tariffs according to Israeli minimum tariff barriers allowing Palestine to apply for the WTO’s membership.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető European Green DealKovács, Ádám Gábor; Zaccaria, Márton Leó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe European Green Deal is a package of policy initiatives, which aims to set the EU on the path to a green transition, with the ultimate goal of reaching climate neutrality by 2050. It supports the transformation of the EU into a fair and prosperous society with a modern and competitive economy. It underlines the need for a holistic and cross-sectoral approach in which all relevant policy areas contribute to the ultimate climate-related goal. The package includes initiatives covering the climate, the environment, energy, transport, industry, agriculture and sustainable finance – all of which are strongly interlinked. The European Green Deal announced by the European Commission in December 2019 is a roadmap meant to foster the transition of the European Union towards the climate-neutral economy by reducing carbon emissions towards 55% by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Free movement of persons under EU laws; study of irregular migrants from developing countriesIjaz, Muhammad; Bartha, Ildikó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe main objective of this research is to establish the legal framework for irregular migrants from developing countries and their rights under EU immigration laws. Irregular migration is a growing problem in the world and Africa, is the most affected continent. By performing several researches and surveys, this study aims to find out the factors that affect irregular migrants from developing countries and what are the challenges they face while moving around in order to seek employment. The European Union reads: "The free movement of persons under EU law is a fundamental right. However, it is not automatic. Migrants are required to meet certain legal requirements before they can be granted the status of 'person' in another Member State.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Directors' Duties in Vietnamese Joint Stock Company: A Comparative AnalysisLuu, Bich Ngoc; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe board of directors plays a vital role in determining a company's success or failure. However, there is always a risk of directors engaging in intentional fraud or inadvertently failing to fulfill their legal duties, resulting in losses for companies and shareholders. This thesis aims to shed light on the regulations governing directors' duties in Vietnam, focusing on joint stock companies. However, throughout this thesis, a large portion of the content applied the comparative method to compare laws and regulations regarding directors' duties in Vietnam with other countries' equivalents. Therefore, readers, even from common law or civil law countries, may all relate to their countries' laws and understand how Vietnamese law differs from their countries' laws in the research object. Additionally, the thesis aims to highlight the deficiencies in the legal framework regarding directors' duties under Vietnamese law by analyzing and comparing it with other legal systems. The content scope will encompass directors' duties in joint stock companies in Vietnam and their equivalents in other countries, including both common law jurisdictions such as the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and the United States, and civil law jurisdictions such as Germany, France, and China.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Copyright Protection To The Artificial Intelligence Generated WorksPeradze, Anano; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThe advent of machines and robots possessing human-like intelligence and skills has long been a captivating and seemingly unattainable societal issues. However, in the present day, these seemingly fantastical concepts have materialized and integrated themselves into our daily lives. A single click is all it takes to receive a comprehensive and argumentative response on a variety of topics. While this technological progress has undoubtedly provided certain advantages to people, it has simultaneously given rise to a plethora of legal issues. One such issue relates to the copyrightability of works generated or created by artificial intelligence. Under the copyright system, these works are traditionally considered to be products of human creativity and effort, thus raising concerns regarding their legal ownership and protection. As today AI is processing data and giving an output autonomously, this issue is the subject of ongoing debate. Thus, this paper deals with the most controversial topics, such as the process of creating work by AI, as well as, discusses the attribution of authorship in line with the creativity and originality criteria. Besides, the paper analyses the copyright infringements by AI and the attribution of the liability in this regard. In terms of the research methodology, a comparative legal approach was utilized. However, the ensuing discussion will predominantly concentrate on the viewpoint of EU copyright law, interlaced with recent jurisprudential advancements.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Collective Labor Standards Along The European Global Gateway Project with A Brief Comparison With China’s Belt And Road InitiativePham, Ngoc Gia Bao; Zaccaria, Márton Leó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis research aims to discuss how collective labor standards are protected under the EU global investment programs - EU Global Gateway in three chapters. The first chapter focuses on the theoretical framework of collective labor law in the globalization era. The second chapter focuses on the legal framework and legal instruments that could be used to protect collective labor standards under the EU global investment project. The third chapter compares the legal framework and policies of EU Global Gateway with Chinese BRI to figure out whether collective labor law is more comprehensive and best protected for developing countries under the EU project. In this thesis, the research mostly covers 2 main topics of collective labor law that is freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining while covering some aspects relating to cross-border information and consultation and the right to strikes. The outcome of the research would be the comprehensive study of legal framework and instruments to protect collective labor standards in the EU global investment project Global Gateway while considering its prominent strengths and weaknesses by comparing it with other comparable-scaled initiatives of China. On such a basis, the research also results in several notices and recommendations for developing countries to take into consideration when participating in the investment program.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Mergers and Acquisitions: A Comparative Analysis between the Regulatory Frameworks in The European Union and The Republic Of KenyaMungai, Lennox Njogu; Fézer, Tamás; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarThis study seeks to take a look at both the regulatory framework within the European Union and that of Kenya on Mergers and Acquisitions. The study will help in creating a deeper understanding of the two frameworks since by having a look at the similarities and differences. Further, the comparative analysis of the two regulatory frameworks the study is able to identify the best practices in both regulatory frameworks.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Comparative legal analysis of financial labor rights of surrogate mothers in the European Union and GeorgiaChakhnashvili, Ketevan; Zaccaria, Márton Leó; DE--Állam- és Jogtudományi KarSurrogacy endures one of the biggest challenging and controversial issues not only in the European Union but around the world as well, including Georgia. As different legal systems divergently evaluate surrogacy as a business field, contrasting legal frames are found to guarantee for surrogate mothers. Georgia is not an exception from this, as new amendments in labor legislation have recently entered into force. During the law-making process, several problems have arisen, including issues of employed women requesting paid maternity leave in the private sector and surrogate mothers’ undefined rights contrasted to naturally pregnant women. As in every State, the parliament of Georgia had two opposing parties: The supporters of the law and those against it. As Georgia has signed ASSOCIATION AGREEMENT between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and Georgia, of the other part and is following the path toward it, the whole process includes adopting regulations the European Union establishes and following the directions of the European Union Directives. In this research, my aim is to assess the position of surrogate mothers’ financial labor rights not only in the public sector but also in two diverse jurisdictions: European Union and Georgia. Through scrutinizing numerous articles of regulations and directives, papers written by superior researchers of law and economics around the world, the thesis has prevailed the structure accordingly: it starts with a short review of the origins of surrogacy as a business, I analyze the legal nature of surrogacy contracts, surrogate mothers' rights, and financial labor rights, and draft the conclusion about critical positions of European and Georgian legislations. The research mainly focuses on women’s challenging reality on demanding the vital development of law in the European Union and Georgia. To represent the major problem of the thesis, existing cases of relevant courts will be discussed. For clarification of motivation to protect surrogate mothers' financial labor rights, the research also highlights the importance of developing indisputable achievements of regulations in the European Union as in Georgia. The vision will be opposed with the opposing groups considering the substantial law more hazardous than beneficial. Finally, the wisely contrasted objective of accepting surrogacy and financial labor rights related to it directs and sets the conclusion between these opposing visions.