Theses (Faculty of Medicine)
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Megjelenítve 1 - 20 (Összesen 1749)
Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacological use of anti-VEGF in ophthalmological diseasesSartproong, Pasavith; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThis thesis provides a comprehensive overview of anti-VEGF therapy in ophthalmology, highlighting its central role in managing neovascular and exudative retinal diseases such as nAMD, DR, DME, and RVO. It delves into the molecular biology of VEGF, the mechanisms of action and pharmacological profiles of current anti-VEGF agents, and their clinical applications. Despite their success, these therapies face limitations including frequent intravitreal injections, variable patient responses, and socioeconomic barriers. The thesis also explores emerging strategies such as long-acting delivery systems, gene therapy, and combination treatments targeting multiple pathways. By addressing current challenges and future directions, this work emphasizes the ongoing evolution and potential of anti-VEGF therapy in optimizing patient outcomes.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacology of New and Emerging Targeted Drugs for Advanced Breast CancerBetiar, Hedieh; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmikósi, József; Halasi, Barbara; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThe recent progresses in targeted therapy have been successful to present a more precise and effective therapeutic option for the management of breast cancer, specifically the advanced cases. Considering the heterogeneity of breast cancer, a thorough understanding of the molecular, genetic, and immunological behavior of tumor cells as well as tumor microenvironment is the most imperative feature to reaching anticipated therapeutic accomplishment with targeted or immune therapy. This thesis focuses on emerging targeted therapies such as anti-human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) therapy, endocrine therapy (ET), cyclin D kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) /protein kinase B (AKT) /mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibitors, Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) enzyme inhibitors, programmed cell death protein1 (PD-1)/ programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, and their challenges and proposed solutions.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The Role Gliflozins in the Treatment of Congestive Heart FailureLu, Hsin-Tzu; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetSGLT2 inhibitors, originally developed as antidiabetic treatments, have demonstrated significant cardiovascular benefits in trials aimed at evaluating their cardiovascular safety in diabetic patients. Since then, researchers have identified multiple additional advantages and proposed various mechanisms to explain these effects. Although the exact mechanisms remain unclear, trial outcomes have consistently shown their effectiveness and revealed potential benefits beyond cardiovascular health. However, there are still adverse effects and certain challenges that limit their prescription. Nevertheless, given their generally well-tolerated profile, substantial benefits, and promising potential, SGLT2 inhibitors represent a valuable treatment option. This thesis provides a brief overview of SGLT2 inhibitors and their use as treatment of congestive heart failure.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacology of Allergy DiseasesTran, Trung Nguyen; Porszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklosi, Jozsef; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetMy thesis, "Pharmacology of Allergy Diseases," offers a comprehensive exploration of the mechanisms behind allergic reactions and the pharmacological strategies used to manage them. It systematically reviews a wide range of treatments, including antihistamines, corticosteroids, and leukotriene receptor antagonists, evaluating their effectiveness and limitations. A significant focus is placed on allergen immunotherapy, which is highlighted as a promising long-term treatment that can modify the immune system's response to allergens. The work also addresses the management of specific conditions like allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Ultimately, the thesis advocates for an integrated approach that combines pharmacotherapy with patient education to improve treatment outcomes and address global health disparities in allergy care.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető A Review on the Potential Pharmacological Effects of Garlic, Soursop, and Avocado: Investigating the Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Benefits in Cardiovascular Health in the Ghanaian PopulationMaison , Effie; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThe effects of herbal medications such as garlic, avocado and soursop on cardiovascular health. Although clinically beneficial, they are limited by lack of standardisation and inappropriate dosage. Using a narrative review approach, peer-reviewed articles from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and AJOL were analysed to assess the phytochemical profiles, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical relevance of these herbs. The findings show that garlic demonstrates antihypertensive, antiplatelet, and lipid-lowering properties primarily through ACE inhibition and nitric oxide enhancement. Soursop exhibits antioxidant effects and vasodilation but concerns about acetogenin-induced neurotoxicity limit its clinical use. Avocado offers lipid modulating and anti-inflammatory benefits which are supported by both dietary studies and dataTétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Therapeutic options of Gastroesophageal Reflux DiseaseGisladottir, Anna Katrin; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetTherapeutic options for gastroesophageal reflux disease. Going into depth of everything related to the disease as well as the span from lifestyle interventions to more specialized therapies.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacology of third-genaration calcium channel blockersAtli Haukur , Brynleifsson; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThe thesis goes into details about third-generation calcium channel blockers, their clinical use, and how they differ from earlier generations.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacotherapy of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosisTamai, Eri; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no definitive cure. This review summarizes the current pharmacotherapeutic strategies, focusing on approved agents such as riluzole and edaravone, while critically evaluating their clinical efficacy and limitations. It also explores emerging drugs under development based on diverse pathogenic hypotheses, highlighting ongoing global clinical trials. Furthermore, the review discusses the potential of personalized and combination therapies. This work aims to provide a comprehensive framework for understanding ALS pharmacotherapy.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Modern Pharmacological Therapies in The Treatment of Ovarian CancerSafore, Loma; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetOvarian cancer is a leading cause of death among gynecological malignancies, largely due to its late diagnosis and resistance to conventional therapies. This thesis explores the evolution of pharmacological treatments, focusing on modern strategies that go beyond traditional platinum-based chemotherapy. Targeted therapies, particularly PARP inhibitors and anti-angiogenic agents like bevacizumab, have significantly improved outcomes, especially in genetically predisposed patients. Immunotherapy, though still under investigation, shows promising potential in select subgroups. The integration of novel drug delivery systems and combination regimens aims to enhance efficacy while minimizing toxicity. Despite these advances, challenges remain in overcoming resistance and personalizing treatment, emphasizing the need for continued clinical and translational research.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Efficacy of Anti-Amyloid Therapies in Alzheimer’s DiseaseShim, Yubin; Porszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, driven by amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. Anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) like aducanumab, lecanemab, and donanemab aim to slow progression by promoting microglial clearance of Aβ plaques. These therapies have shown modest clinical benefits in early-stage AD, but risks such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), especially in APOE4 carriers, remain a concern. While not curative, mAbs represent a significant advancement in disease-modifying treatment. Ongoing trials continue to assess long-term efficacy, safety, and patient selection strategies.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: Efficacy and Long-Term SafetyAnele, Miracle Odinaka; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Barbara, Halasi; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis provides a comprehensive review of cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease, focusing on efficacy and long-term safety. It reviews key clinical trials involving donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, analyzing their impact on cognitive function, global clinical status and daily living activities, while also discussing potential long-term safety concerns. The findings indicate that ChEIs provide modest but sustained symptomatic benefits, particularly when initiated early and maintained over time. Long-term safety and tolerability data suggest that cholinesterase inhibitors are generally well-tolerated with gastrointestinal side effects being the most common. Overall, it supports the continued use of ChEIs as a core pharmacologic strategy in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease care.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Temporal Integration of Late-Born Neurons Populating the Sensory Circuits in the Mouse Spinal Cord and Brainstem Revealed by In Utero ElectroporationNishitani, Mika; Mészár, Zoltán; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Anatómiai, Szövet- és Fejlődéstani Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarThe dorsal horn of the spinal cord contains a specialized circuit that relays pain information to higher brain regions like the brainstem and thalamus. This circuit consists of late-born inhibitory and excitatory neurons that form functional pain pathways. Our study aimed to identify brainstem neurons that are born at the same time as spinal nociceptive neurons. We used in utero electroporation to label neurons with GFP at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5), followed by histological analysis at postnatal day 28. Brain sections were examined using immunohistochemistry and the Allen Brain Atlas to trace labeled neuroprogenitors. We found that these late-born neurons integrate into major sensory pathways, shedding light on how neurons born at the same time contribute to diverse sensory networks.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacological Management of Thyroid DiseasesYun, Minsang; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József András; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThe thyroid gland produces T3 and T4, which regulate metabolism, and imbalances in these hormones can lead to serious conditions. Hyperthyroidism is commonly treated with antithyroid drugs like methimazole or PTU, along with beta-blockers for symptom relief. In cases where medication is ineffective, radioactive iodine or surgery may be considered. Hypothyroidism requires lifelong levothyroxine replacement and close monitoring. The study emphasizes timely and effective treatment to reduce complications and improve patient outcomesTétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacology of psychedelics and their application in medicineÍvarsdóttir, Saga Ýr; Porszász, Robert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetA look into the history, present studies and the future of pharmacology of psychedelics and their possible uses in treatment for neuro-psychiatric diseases. Focus is on classical psychedelics and how they produce their effects, mostly through enhanced neuroplasticity. Also taking a look at the current pre-clinical and clinical trials and the obsticles that are in the path to incorporate psychedelics as a treatment option.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Neoadjuvant Therapy for Malignant MelanomaShoval, Shahaf; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmikósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis explores the emerging role of neoadjuvant therapy in the management of resectable malignant melanoma. Neoadjuvant approaches using immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies - offer potential benefit such as early immune activation, tumor downstaging, and assessment of treatment response before surgery. Current evidence suggest improved survival outcomes and recurrence reduction in selection criteria, and key predictive biomarkers influencing therapeutic efficacy. Special attention is given to the biological rationale, and resistance mechanisms associated with preoperative treatment. Future directions highlight the importance of personalized strategies based on tumor genetics and immune profile optimize neoadjuvant therapy outcomesTétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Renal Ne/De tumor cells and related microcirculatory changes in a rat modelHo, Quang Tri Vinh; Mátrai, Ádám Attila; Deák, Ádám; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Sebészeti Műtéttani Tanszék; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Quang Tri Vinh; Általános Orvostudományi KarAbstract Introduction: The development of malignant tumors and their abnormal vasculature may result in severe alterations in tissue perfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations in the kidney microcirculation, related micro-rheological changes, and parenchymal structural differences in a rat-origin mesenchymal mesoblastic nephroma (Ne/De) tumor cell implantation model. Materials and Methods: Sixteen female Fischer-344 rats (bodyweight: 190.17±4.96 g) were anesthetized (3% isoflurane) (permission reg. nr.: 21/2017/UDCAW), the retroperitoneum was opened in the lumbar region. The left kidney was exposed and the Gelaspon® disc containing 0.9 % NaCl or tumor cells (1x106 Ne/De tumor cells, established by Prof. Dr. Pál Kertai) was placed under the renal capsule. The wound was closed in two layers. The microcirculation of the kidney was monitored by Cytocam IDF camera on the 1st and the 9th postoperative (p.o.) days. Blood samples were taken on the day of implantation, and on the 4th and 9th p.o. days for testing hematological parameters, red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation. Results: Leukocyte count significantly increased by the 4th p.o. day (p=0.002 vs. base) followed by a decrease on day 9 (p=0.002 vs. day 4). Platelet count increased on p.o. days 4 and 9 (p<0.001 vs. base). In all RBC aggregation index values a continuous and significant increase was observed (M5 index value on 4th day: p=0.034, on 9th day: p<0.001 vs. base; M10 index values on 4th day: p=0.034, on 9th day: p=0.008 vs. base). The RBC deformability describing parameter SS1/2 [Pa] was remarkably increased on day 9 (p=0.007 vs. base), representing worsened RBC deformability. On day 9 the structural features of the tumor tissue and a heterogenous blood flow pattern were detected by the Cytocam compared to healthy or to the contralateral intact kidney. Vessels with abnormal geometry and shape were often seen in the recordings, where flow parameters were increased, while in other territories RBC aggregates and microcirculatory deterioration was observed. Conclusion: The growing malignant renal tumor caused significant deterioration and heterogeneity in the microcirculation, of which background can be the abnormal vessels and impaired blood micro-rheology. The model seems to be suitable for further investigations of tumor growth and related microcirculatory changesTétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Abnormal Vimentin and Histone H3p.K27me3 immunohistochemical expression patterns as potential surrogate markers for 1p/19q-codeletion in adult-type diffuse gliomasNinan, Rachael Suzanne; Bedekovics, Judit; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Pathológiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarThe retrospective study outlined in this thesis focuses on two adult-type diffuse gliomas - oligodendrogliomas and astrocytomas. Since both neoplasms possess several overlapping histological features, the identification of unique aberrations using molecular tests is essential for accurate diagnosis. However, these tests are generally less accessible and more expensive with longer turn-around times compared to immunohistochemical tests. The investigation aims to determine if variations in vimentin and histone H3p.K27me3 immunohistochemical expression could substitute for the 1p/19q-codeletion to effectively differentiate between the two gliomas. The correlation between these immunohistochemical stains and various histological features is also evaluated. Additionally, a review of the current literature pertaining to both central nervous system (CNS) tumors and the immunohistochemical markers is included.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacological treatment of Age-Related Macular DegenerationKhoudari, Noor; Porszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis explores the pharmacological management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), focusing on both wet and dry forms of the disease. It provides an in-depth review of approved anti-VEGF therapies for wet AMD, including their mechanisms, clinical efficacy, side effects, and cost considerations. The work also highlights emerging treatments for dry AMD, particularly complement inhibitors, and discusses investigational therapies such as gene therapy and stem cell transplantation. Diagnostic methods and staging systems are covered to contextualize therapeutic decision-making. Overall, the thesis emphasizes the importance of early intervention and ongoing research to improve outcomes for patients affected by AMD.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacological Management of HyperhidrosisYoza, Reia; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetHyperhidrosis, though significantly affecting quality of life, is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. This thesis focuses on primary hyperhidrosis and explores its pharmacological management based on treatment effectiveness, safety, and patient satisfaction. It covers the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and treatment choices based on the severity and affected areas. First-line treatments include aluminum salts and topical anticholinergics, while botulinum toxin A injections are considered second-line. Oral systemic therapies are recommended for more severe and widespread cases. The thesis also reviews emerging treatments like botulinum toxin creams and FDA-approved sofpironium bromide, offering a step-by-step guide for individualized medical management.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Atrial Fibrillation and Its TreatmentsYoza, Meurmo; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and is associated with conditions like heart failure, significantly increasing stroke risk and mortality. With the global prevalence of AF rising, effective management has become a major focus in cardiovascular care. This thesis provides a thorough overview of AF, covering its pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical features, and treatment. It emphasizes the importance of risk stratification using tools like the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores. Treatment strategies are discussed within the 'ABC' integrated care pathway, highlighting early rhythm control, catheter ablation, and lifestyle changes. Ultimately, the thesis advocates for personalized, guideline-based care to improve patient outcomes.