Periodontitis has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, adverse pregnancy outcomes and rheumatoid arthritis. Although these associations are widely accepted, the causative role of periodontitis in the pathogenesis of such disorders is still a controversial debate. Currently, periodontitis is considered as a risk factor for the aforementioned conditions, meaning the likelihood of such disorders is increased with the presence of periodontitis. However, interventions such as periodontal treatments do not necessarily result in improvement in different systemic conditions. The objective of this review is to summarize the most common systemic health disorders associated with periodontal disease and their underlying pathogenesis.