Der Sattel: Unser östliches Kulturerbe
Fájlok
Dátum
Szerzők
Folyóirat címe
Folyóirat ISSN
Kötet címe (évfolyam száma)
Kiadó
Faculty of Humanities, University of Debrecen, H-4032, Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1.
Absztrakt
Leírás
Der Beitrag fasst die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse über den Sattel, das östliche Erbe der ungarischen Kultur, basierend auf den Ergebnissen von Forschung und einer Ausstellung zusammen.Die Pferdezucht hatte eine wichtige Rolle im Leben der sich im Karpatenbecken angesiedelten Ungarn. Die Bedeutung des Reitens ist in Ungarn bis zur Hälfte des XX. Jahrhunderts zu beobachten. Die Gegenstände – unter ihnen die verschiedenen Sättel - die mit der reitenden Lebensweise und Kultur zusammenhängen, waren gleichermaßen unter den Andenken der höheren Gesellschaftsklassen und der volkstümlichen Bildung zu finden.So wie fast jeder feste Bestandteil unserer gegenständlichen Kultur, so durchlief auch der Sattel viele verschiedene Stadien, Typen und Formen, je nachdem, wer ihn zu welchem Zweck oder Anlass bestieg. Mit den Jahrhunderten wandelten sich die Lebenswelten und –bedingungen, und parallel dazu entwickelten sich auch unsere allseits bekannten Gegenstände. Der Sattel stellt hier keine Ausnahme dar, obwohl eingeräumt werden muss, dass er zu jenen Kulturgütern gehört, die schon sehr früh ihre optimale funktionelle Form und Struktur erhielten, sodass er im Laufe der Zeit kaum geändert werden musste.Die von den Ungarn benützten Sättel entsprachen hervorragend den verschiedenen Anforderungen der Reitkultur, wie Fernritte, Ritterkämpfe usw. Eine der besten Eigenschaften der hierzulande bekannten Holzsättel ist, dass sie das Pferd schonen. Die Sättel können allgemein in zwei Grundarten eingeteilt werden, je nach struktureller Eigenart. In der Umgangssprache werden diese Kategorien östlicher bzw. westlicher Typ genannt. Aber rein fachlich gesprochen, wäre es aufgrund des untersuchten Materials eher angebracht, grundsätzlich zwischen den beiden Grundtypen Zwiesel-Flügel-Sättel und Gabel-Seitenbrett-Strukturen zu unterscheiden. Wichtigstes Merkmal des ungarischen Sattels ist, dass er ein ausgeprägter Osttyp ist.Der Sattel von Tiszafüred war eine distinkte und berühmte Variante des ungarischen Sattels. Nach dem Vorbild der ungarischen Husaren verbreitete sich die leichte Kavallerie in ganz Europa, und mit ihr wurde über Jahrhunderte hinweg der ungarische Sattel verbreitet, als unabdingbarer Ausrüstungsgegenstand.Heutzutage kann beobachtet werden, dass das Interesse an der Geschichte und den Traditionen der Reitkultur wieder im Steigen begriffen ist.
The study summarizes the most important knowledge about the saddle, the eastern heritage of Hungarian culture, based on the results of the research and an exhibition. Animal husbandry, especially keeping horses, has always played a very important part in Hungarians life. Saddling horses was significant up until the middle of the 20th century in Hungary, we have information about it from noblemen, the aristocracy, the upper social stratas, as well as from peasants and market town inhabitants. Objects and memories connected to riding culture, riding as a way of life, were present in the memory of the upper social classes and in folklore. There were different types, varieties of saddles, just as there were varieties of almost all the objects in our culture, depending on who used them and for what purposes. In general we can say that as the terms and conditions of life changed so objects were transformed and developed. The same is true for saddles, they belong to a group of objects which gained their final, almost perfect shape very early in time, so very few changes were made to them. The saddles used by Hungarians were very suited to riding. The big advantage of wooden saddles is that they spare horses. There are two basic types of saddles usually known as the western and eastern types. From a professional point of view, on the basis of examined material, we speak of the pommel-sole/panel type and the fork-side panel/bar type. The Hungarian saddle belongs to the Eastern type. A unique and famous variety of the Hungarian saddle is the Tiszafüred saddle. Light cavalry equipped with Hungarian harness spread around Europe, so Hungarian type saddles (Hussar saddle ) were an essential part of military equipment. Nowadays there is an increased interest in the riding tradition, and the historical past, and attention is focused on the Hungarian wooden saddle that has been used successfully over the centuries.
The study summarizes the most important knowledge about the saddle, the eastern heritage of Hungarian culture, based on the results of the research and an exhibition. Animal husbandry, especially keeping horses, has always played a very important part in Hungarians life. Saddling horses was significant up until the middle of the 20th century in Hungary, we have information about it from noblemen, the aristocracy, the upper social stratas, as well as from peasants and market town inhabitants. Objects and memories connected to riding culture, riding as a way of life, were present in the memory of the upper social classes and in folklore. There were different types, varieties of saddles, just as there were varieties of almost all the objects in our culture, depending on who used them and for what purposes. In general we can say that as the terms and conditions of life changed so objects were transformed and developed. The same is true for saddles, they belong to a group of objects which gained their final, almost perfect shape very early in time, so very few changes were made to them. The saddles used by Hungarians were very suited to riding. The big advantage of wooden saddles is that they spare horses. There are two basic types of saddles usually known as the western and eastern types. From a professional point of view, on the basis of examined material, we speak of the pommel-sole/panel type and the fork-side panel/bar type. The Hungarian saddle belongs to the Eastern type. A unique and famous variety of the Hungarian saddle is the Tiszafüred saddle. Light cavalry equipped with Hungarian harness spread around Europe, so Hungarian type saddles (Hussar saddle ) were an essential part of military equipment. Nowadays there is an increased interest in the riding tradition, and the historical past, and attention is focused on the Hungarian wooden saddle that has been used successfully over the centuries.
Kulcsszavak
Horses husbandry, Saddle, Eastern type, Panel saddle, Western type, Fork-side panel, Bar saddle, Hungarian wooden Saddle, Saddler, Saddle from Tiszafüred, Hussar, Cavalry Saddle, Riding culture, Sattel, Pferdezuch, östlicher Typ, Zwiesel-Flügel-Sattel, Gabel-Seitenbrett-Sattel, ungarische Holzsattel, Sattler, Tiszafüreder Sattel, Huserensattel, Reitkultur