The new oral anticoagulants were recently developed, which are very specific in their action. They are easy to administer, do not require routine monitoring, and have very few drug interactions. Favorably, they appear to be the ideal anticoagulants and thus most likely will eventually replace the older ones. This is proven as they have already received approval for several indications to prevent and treat thrombosis. The aim of the thesis is to discuss the properties of the new oral anticoagulants, review the clinical trials evaluating their efficacy and safety profiles, and highlight their advantages over the standard anticoagulants.