The focus of this thesis is dental resin composites. Dental composites are biomaterials that consist of organo mineral fillings bonded by an adhesive, and are used to restore damaged teeth. They are intended to replace amalgams, while preserving the healthy tissues. This field is at the intersection of many disciplines, including chemistry, solid mechanics, optics, rheology, and physics. The thesis starts by an introduction, discussing the history of the dental restoration and provides definitions. Then it tries to explain the compositions, properties and developments of dental resin composites. The thesis also aims to provide an overview of some new materials and technologies in dental resin composites.