Synthesis and analysis of aminoethyl methacrylated hyaluronic acid and beta-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering

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HA molecules were successfully conjugated with AEMA molecules. After UV light exposing crosslinking structure formed and β-TCP particles were embedded into the matrix of cross-linked AEMA-HA matrix. The structure of the samples and ~40% degree of substitution was confirmed by and 1H NMR results. All the samples were shown noticeable sharp edges and well-defined shapes as an evidence for the successful photopolymerization at a depth of 2 mm that can maintain their three-dimensional structure before, during and after swelling in PBS. Presence of higher β-TCP particles results in less swelling ratio. However this finding is advantageous in some dental applications (e.g. in limited space of the alveolar teeth sockets). The compressive stress investigations revealed that the composites Samples have a higher mechanical strength than pure AEMA-HA samples. Young’s modulus quantification indicates that samples containing β-TCP particles are less elastic than pure AEMA-HA samples and elasticity is reduced by higher concentration of the β-TCP particles. Major role β-TCP particles in the mechanical strength of the samples can be concluded. Scanning electron microscopy revealed homogenous porous structure of the samples with high-interconnected channels that is permeable for molecules and cells and can be vascularized in the living tissue. It clearly exhibited that a samples structures made up of AEMA-HA matrix with embedded β-TCP granules and crystals agglomerates that are pearly in shape. All produced material in this research were biocompatible and this fact was confirmed by cytotoxicity assay. Cell counting of all cell cultures at day 7 was significantly higher than day 1 while all cultures was in direct contact with produced samples. The final product of this research is a ceramic/polymeric composite material suitable for further studies in connection with living cells in vitro and in vivo, resulting to fabricate a proper mechanically stable scaffold for all application of bone tissue engineering.

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bone tissue engineering, composite scaffold, bone defect restorations, bone augmentation, dental implants, hyaluronic acid, beta-tricalcium phosphate, 2-aminoethyl methacrylate photo crosslinking
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