This thesis aims to explore and guide us through a brief history of geology, over the years by mankind, and the steps it took to achieve astronomical documentation, that led it to reach new heights in space exploration, utilizing Astrogeology and Cosmochemistry. We will go briefly from the ancient era to the steam engine times, the modern world to the ideas and minds behind the formation of our solar system, to Terrestrial Worlds and the moons of the Jovian Ice Giants, and finally to understand how this subject can help us tackle challenges and strategize future human expeditions.