This thesis thoroughly examines polyurethane, including its historical development, chemical characteristics, types, and various applications. It examines a set of polyurethane's mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, including hardness, impact resistance, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. The study analyzes polyols and isocyanates, synthesis techniques, catalysts, and additives used for polyurethane formulation. It describes processing techniques for polyurethanes, such as injection molding, and compression molding. Later, different polyurethane types, such as foams, thermoplastic polyurethanes, and waterborne polyurethanes, were discussed comprehensively. The thesis highlights their applications in construction, automotive, marine, medical, and coatings, and addresses environmental aspects and future trends, emphasizing sustainability.