Pollution is one of the major issues that we are facing nowadays. We are continuously looking for new technologies for the purification of soil, air, and water. Heavy metals have an important role in various environmental processes and are natural components of Earth. Ingestion of heavy metals by humans can lead to very drastic effects. Nanotechnology is an emerging field to handle pollution of the environment. Nanomaterials are man-made materials and are used to remove impurities from industrial effluents. The environmental fate of these NMs, however, must be known in order to control their future health hazards.