The thesis explores the contribution of Hybrid Electric Vehicles to sustainable transportation through emission reduction and less reliance on fossil fuels. A literature review describes the major advantages of Hybrid Electric Vehicles over traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles and fully electric vehicles. An extensive survey of control techniques in Hybrid Electric Vehicles is presented. The vehicle dynamics of the 2021 Toyota Camry is also assessed. Variable-structure dynamic models of conventional and hybrid vehicles are created in MATLAB to analyze their performance. Results confirm the improved fuel economy and smoother acceleration performance of Hybrid Electric Vehicles, sustaining the proposition that Hybrid Electric Vehicles are a sustainable transportation solution capable of bridging the gap between ICE and fully electric vehicles.