The diploma thesis, "Engineering microbes to produce bioplastics and biopolymers as sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics," takes a deep dive into the promising world of bio-based plastics, envisioning a future where they can replace traditional plastics. It begins by shedding light on the damaging environmental impact of conventional plastics, underscoring the need for eco-friendly solutions. The thesis then explores bioplastics such as PHAs and PLA, which can be made by genetically engineered microbes, discussing how to optimize production techniques to make these alternatives more viable. Finally, it presents a holistic view of the bioplastics sector, emphasizing their environmental advantages, potential uses, and the need to expand substrate options and improve sustainable practices for a greener future.