The thesis investigates the critical importance of aviation safety and explores historical, current, and emerging challenges in the field. It identifies human factors, regulatory complexity, and technological limitations as persistent threats to safe aviation operations.Safety culture, organizational behavior, and proactive safety management systems are emphasized as vital pillars for mitigating risks.The study highlights the role of international regulatory bodies like ICAO, FAA, and EASA in shaping safety standards and compliance frameworks.Technological advancements such as AI, automation, and predictive analytics are discussed as game changers in modern safety practices.The thesis includes case studies showcasing global best practices and lessons learned from successful safety initiatives.Training and human factors are analyzed as core components in reducing errors and fostering a resilient safety culture. Methodologically, the research uses both quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze safety data and stakeholder perspectives.Based on findings, the thesis provides actionable recommendations for industry stakeholders to enhance safety performance.It concludes by advocating for a future-focused, collaborative approach to safety that embraces innovation, regulation, and continuous improvement.