This concise review highlights the pivotal role of cobalt and chromium ions on the growth of yeast strains, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces bayanus. Cobalt, at low concentrations, synergistically boosts growth when combined with zinc but inhibits it at higher doses. Chromium, especially in its hexavalent form, significantly suppresses yeast growth even at low concentrations, causing oxidative stress and metabolic disruptions. Understanding these effects is crucial for industries reliant on yeast and for assessing environmental risks associated with metal pollution.