Meta-Analysis of Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Translocation in Trapa natans L.: Environmental Monitoring and Phytoremediation Potential

Abstract

This BSc thesis presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of heavy metal bioaccumulation and translocation in Trapa natans L.. By synthesizing data from 19 key field studies across regions such as Montenegro, India, and Nigeria, the research evaluates the plant’s dual bioconcentration kinetics and the internal movement of toxic elements. A central finding is that T. natans primarily functions as an effective biological filter for the water column, with bioconcentration factors from water significantly exceeding those from sediment. The study effectively highlights element-specific dynamics, noting that while lead and iron are largely retained in the roots (phytostabilization), highly mobile toxins like cadmium readily translocate to the edible nuts. This leads to the critical conclusion that the plant's high phytoremediation potential must be carefully balanced against food safety risks in contaminated environments. Overall, this work provides a data-driven assessment that clarifies the species' complex role in both environmental monitoring and sustainable ecosystem management.