2024 Update of Retro-Transposons in the Aspergillus and Penicillium Genera and Other Filamentous Fungi

Abstract

Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that can generate genomic diversity, impacting gene expression and genomic stability. This thesis investigates the role of Copia-type retrotransposons, specifically Ty1 elements, in filamentous fungi like Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum, focusing on their evolutionary and biotechnological significance. The study examines the structural characteristics, integration patterns, and functional impacts of AniTA2, a Copia retrotransposon identified in A. niger, with attention to its influence on genes linked to industrially relevant traits. Further, it discusses the application of Ty1 retrotransposons in industrial strain development, highlighting both their potential to enhance fungal strains and the challenges posed by genomic instability. The research concludes with future possibilities for using genome-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9 to harness Ty1 elements safely for fungal biotechnology.