Analysis of the integration of carbon capture and green hydrogen production technologies in energy-intensive process industries: An Industrial Symbiosis Approach to Decarbonization
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The decarbonization of the industrial sector, especially energy-intensive process industries, is essential to meet the climate commitments of the Paris Agreement. Technologies such as green hydrogen and carbon capture, utilization, and/or storage (CCUS) are emerging as key solutions to significantly reduce emissions. This thesis analyzes their integration into industrial symbiosis systems through representative cases in Europe: Kalundborg (Denmark) and the industrial port of Rotterdam (Netherlands). Opportunities for technological integration in an intensive industry in each system are identified, and scenarios are developed and evaluated from a techno-economic and environmental perspective. The results show that, despite the current high costs, there are favorable conditions for their progressive adoption. It is concluded that industrial symbiosis offers an environment conducive to accelerating the sector's energy transition, and its promotion is recommended as part of a broader strategy towards a low-carbon economy.