It shows how the SARS-CoV-2 is compared to other coronavirus variants that was transferred from animals to humans. It shows how this virus originated and their evolution and what makes them differ in genetic level. This study uses tools and other data used globally to interpret how the virus was changing over time as it also speaks about how such a small virus and spread and can affect humans in different ways possible until it becomes a worldwide pandemic. The analysis reveals key differences in receptor binding, genome composition, and transmission dynamics that influence disease severity and spread. Several variants are mentioned such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and HCoVs like (NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1). As it highlights how understanding these viruses can prevent from future pandemics.