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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Changes in the herbicide tolerance of maize genotypes in wet and dry years(2011-10-30) Bónis, Péter; Árendás, Tamás; Berzsenyi, Zoltán; Marton, Csaba L.The tolerance of 15 inbred maize lines grown on chernozem soil with forest residues in Martonvásár was tested against herbicides applied post-emergence in two dry, warm years (2003 and 2011) and in two cool, wet years (2004 and 2010). The herbicides mesotrione + terbutylazine, nicosulfuron and dicamba were applied to maize inbred lines in the 7–8-leaf stage at the maximum dose authorised for practical use and at double this rate. The plants were scored for the intensity of visible phytotoxic symptoms 14 days after treatment. The level of phytotoxicity observed in dry, warm years was 5.14%, averaged over the lines, herbicides and rates. The intensity of visible symptoms was almost 2.5 times as great in cool, wet years (12.76 %). Averaged over the four years, the lines and the rates, the least damage was caused by dicamba (5.77 %), followed by mesotrione + terbutylazine (7.23 %). The most severe symptoms were induced by nicosulfuron (16.17 %). This could be attributed to the fact that some of the inbred lines were extremely sensitive to herbicides, especially those of the sulfonylurea type. A difference of more than 1.5 times was observed between the two doses, but the correlation between the concentration and the severity of the visual symptoms was not strictly linear. Compared to the normal dose (100 %) the double rate resulted in a 162.5% increase in symptom severity. In most cases plants treated with the normal dose were symptom-free or only exhibited a low level of phytotoxicity.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Comparing the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids in organic and conventional agriculture(2023-12-01) Áldott-Sipos, Ágnes; Csepregi-Heilmann, Eszter; Spitkó, Tamás; Szőke, Csaba; Pintér, János; Berzy, Tamás; Nagy, János; Marton, Csaba L.The European Green Deal was published by the European Commission in 2019. The main aim of the program is to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, making Europe the first climate-neutral continent in the world. To achieve this, criteria are also set for agriculture: increasing the share of land under organic farming to 25%, reducing the use of fertilisers and pesticides. However, the benefits of organic farming are widely debated. The aim of our study was to compare the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids bred in Martonvasar in two different cropping environments. The silage yields of 20 different maize hybrids were evaluated in a three replicate small plot experiment in an organic field and an adjacent conventional field. The average green mass yield of the hybrids was 36,58 t ha -1 in the organic field and 43,03 t ha -1 in the conventional. The green mass yield in the organic area was 20% lower than in the conventional area, and the dry matter yield and digestible dry matter yield were about 18% lower. Hybrids of different maturity groups responded differently to organic cultivation. The yields of early hybrids decreased more and late hybrids less in the organic farming compared to the conventional production.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Comparing the yield of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids in organic and conventional agriculture(2023) Áldott-Sipos, Ágnes; Csepregi-Heilmann, Eszter; Spitkó, Tamás; Szőke, Csaba; Pintér, János; Berzy, Tamás; Nagy, János; Marton, Csaba L.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Stability and Adaptability of Maize Hybrids for Precision Crop Production in a Long-Term Field Experiment in Hungary(2021) Bojtor, Csaba; Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad Nasir; Illés, Árpád; Széles, Adrienn; Nagy, János; Marton, Csaba L.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Studies on the Fusarium stalk rot infection of the maize genotypes using the Findex percentage and a computerised image analysis program(2011-10-30) Szőke, Csaba; Virág, István; Magyar, Donát; Rácz, Ferenc; Marton, Csaba L.In a continental climate, the pathogens causing the most serious problems are species belonging to the Fusarium genus. When the pathogen attacks the stalk, the plant dies earlier, reducing grain filling and resulting in small, light ears. In addition, the stalks break or lodge, resulting in further yield losses from ears that cannot be harvested. During the three years of the experiment, 14 inbred lines were examined. The genotypes were sown in a two-factor split-plot design with four replications, with the genotypes in the main plots and four treatments in the subplots: two Fusarium graminearum isolates (1. FG36, 2. FGH4), 3. sterile kernels, 4. untreated control. The results experiments showed significant differences between the genotypes for resistance to fusarium stalk rot. Among the inbred lines the best resistance to fusarium stalk rot was exhibited by P06 and P07, both of which were related to ISSS. The precision and sensitivity of disease evaluations carried out visually and using image analysis software were compared in the experiment, and with two exceptions the CV values were lower for the image analysis. As the CV for measurements can be considered as a relative error, it can be stated that image analysis is the more precise of the two methods, so this technique gives a more accurate picture of the extent of stalk rot. The extent of stalk rot developing in response to natural infection is extremely environment-dependent, so the use of artificial inoculation is recommended for selection trials.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Study on the cold tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines in Phytotron(2023) Csepregi-Heilmann, Eszter; Áldott-Sipos, Ágnes; Mészáros, Anita; Kovács, Anett Klaudia; Spitkó, Tamás; Szőke, Csaba; Pintér, János; Berzy, Tamás; Széles, Adrienn; Marton, Csaba L.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Study on the cold tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines in Phytotron(2023-12-01) Csepregi-Heilmann, Eszter; Áldott-Sipos, Ágnes; Mészáros, Anita; Kovács, Anett Klaudia; Spitko, Tamás; Szőke, Csaba; Pintér, János; Berzy, Tamás; Széles, Adrienn; Marton, Csaba L.Maize has come a long way from the tropics to the temperate zone. In the beginning, the spreading of maize was prevented by its sensitivity to cold. Improved cold tolerance at germination is one of the most important conditions for early sowing. The advantage of cold tolerant hybrids is that they can be sown earlier, allowing longer growing seasons and higher yields, due to the fact that the most sensitive period in terms of water requirements, flowering, takes place earlier, i.e. before the onset of summer drought and heat. In Martonvásár, continuous research is carried out to improve the cold tolerance of maize. In the present experiment, the cold tolerance of 30 genetically different maize inbred lines was investigated in a Phytotron climate chamber (PGV-36). The aim of our research is to identify cold tolerant lines that can be used as parental components to produce proper cold tolerant hybrids and/or as sources of starting materials for new cold tolerant inbred lines. After observing and evaluating changes in phenological traits under cold-test, the results of the cold-tolerance traits of interest have been used to highlight several inbred lines that could be good starting materials for further research on genetic selection for cold tolerance.