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Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A csemege baraboly (Chaerophyllum bulbosum) etnobotanikai és kultúrtörténeti jelentősége a Kárpát-medencében(2024-12-19) Németh, Attila G. L.; Horváth, Balázs; Pinke, GyulaTuberous-rooted chervil ( Chaerophyllum bulbosum ) is one of the iconic plants in the Carpathian basin regarding ethnobotany. It is considered native to this region and it is known by about one hundred different Hungarian folk names and allophones. We have plenty of historical data about its gathering from the wild from the end of the 16th century, but certainly, it could have been collected much earlier by the people who lived here. In the whole Carpathian basin, mostly its tubers (and rarely the leaves as well) were gathered mainly by children, which were eaten in various forms and dishes, but most frequently raw as salad. Its popularity started to decline by the end of the 19th century, and in the middle of the 20th century, it was regarded as one of the ‘beets out of fashion’, which was slowly disappearing from the diet. From the 21st century, there is only one record about its gathering and consumption from Transylvania. In former times, along with other Chaerophyllum and Anthriscus species it was recommended to cure scorbute and diarrhoea and as a poultice for ulcers. In the Middle Ages, it was cultivated throughout Eastern and Central Europe, which could have also been true for the Carpathian Basin. Master Roger mentioned this species among the plants of devastated peasant gardens (1243, after the Mongol invasion). Thereafter, we have records only from the middle of the 19th century showing the obvious growing of its cultivated variety (called ‘chervil-beet’). However, its cultivation remained quite sporadic, and by the middle of the 20th century, it was already fully neglected. The plant occurred in Hungarian cookery books from the 16th century, especially in Transylvanian gastronomy. The remembrance of its former folk uses retained in Hungarian culture as well, it emerges in several poems and prose.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Drivers of Ambrosia artemisiifolia abundance in arable fields along the Austrian-Hungarian borderPinke, Gyula; Kolejanisz, Tamás; Vér, András; Nagy, Katalin; Milics, Gábor; Schlögl, Gerhard; Bede-Fazekas, Ákos; Botta-Dukát, Zoltán; Czúcz, Bálint; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutatóThe Carpathian Basin is one of the most important regions in terms of the invasion of the common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in Europe. The invasion history of this weed, however, seems to have been assessed differently in Austria and Hungary: scientists in both countries assumed that this species had become abundant earlier and had caused more problems in their own than in other country. The goal of this study is to resolve the historical misunderstandings and scrutinize the related popular beliefs by a concise literature overview and an extensive analysis of the current patterns in ragweed infestations in crops in the borderlands in eastern Austria and western Hungary. The abundance of A. artemisiifolia was measured in 200 arable fields across the region, along with 31 background variables. Data were analysed using binomial generalized linear models (GLM), decision tree models and variation partitioning. Ambrosia artemisiifolia occurred more frequently in Hungary, but there were no significant differences in the proportion of larger cover values recorded in these two countries, and 'cover values>10%' were even slightly more common in Austria. We found that previous crops of maize and soya bean and conventional farming were associated with the higher abundances in Austria, while organic farming was associated with relatively higher frequencies of heavy infestations in Hungarian fields. In the overall analysis crop cover was the most important variable with low crop cover associated with high ragweed abundance. Temperature and phosphorous fertilizer were negatively, while precipitation and soil phosphorous concentration positively associated with the abundance values. Land-use variables accounted for more of the variance in the abundance patterns of common ragweed than environmental variables. The current patterns in ragweed distribution might indicate that a saturation process is still underway on the Austrian side. The saturation lag of 20-30 years is possibly due to several factors and the role of the Iron curtain in determining cross-border exchange of propagules could be decisive. Nevertheless, the discrepancies uncovered in the accounts of the invasion of Hungarian and Austrian authors might also be seen as legacies of the Iron Curtain, which were caused by mutual limitations on access to national data and literature of the other country in a critical period of rapid ragweed spread. These discrepancies, that had a long-lasting effect on the work of scientific communities, are documented here in detail for the first time.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Factors influencing the composition of the weed flora of arable lands from Central RomaniaNagy, Katalin; Lengyel, Attila; Kovács, Attila; Türei, Dénes; Csergő, Anna Mária; Pinke, Gyula; egyetemi oktató, kutatóWeed species loss due to intensive agricultural landuse has raised the need to understand how traditional cropland management has sustained a diverse weed flora. We evaluated to what extent cultivation practices and environmental conditions affect the weed species composition of a small-scale farmland mosaic in Central Transylvania (Romania). We recorded the abundance of weed species and 28 environmental, management and site context variables in 299 fields of maize, cereal and stubble. Using redundancy analysis, we revealed 22 variables with significant net effects, which explained 19.2% of the total variation in species composition. Cropland type had the most pronounced effect on weed composition with a clear distinction between cereal crops, cereal stubble and maize crops. Beyond these differences, the environmental context of croplands was a major driver of weed composition, with significant effects of geographic position, altitude, soil parameters (soil pH, texture, salt and humus content CaCO3, P2O5, K2O, Na and Mg), as well as plot location (edge vs. core position) and surrounding habitat types (arable field , road margin, meadow, fallow, ditch). Performing a variation partitioning for the cropland types one ba one, the environmental variables explained most of the variance compared with within crop management. In contrast, when all sites were combined across different cropland types, the crop-specific factors were more important in explaining variance in weed community composition.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető A Najas gracillima (A. Braun ex Engelmann) Magnus előfordulása Magyarországon(2024-04-10) Mesterházy, Attila; Csiky, János; Pál, Róbert; Pinke, GyulaNajas gracillima, an introduced species to Europe, naturally occurs in East-Asia and NorthAmerica. It was firstly discovered in Hungary in 2012 in our weed survey of rice fields in the vicinity of Szarvas, Gyomaendrőd and Mezőtúr. Although, it occurred in relatively high abundances in the rice fields along the Körös river its invasion is not expected into new habitats in the near future due to its special habitat preference and gregariousness.Tétel Szabadon hozzáférhető Új növényfajok Magyarország adventívflórájában(2025-11-27) Wirth, Tamás; Balogh, Lajos; Csathó, András István; Csiky, János; Dela Campos, Génesis Katherine; Eszik, Norina Erika; Farkas, Sándor; Király, Angéla; Király, Gergely; Kiss, Tamás; Malatinszky, Ákos; Németh, Janka; Pinke, Gyula; Rigó, Attila; Schmidt, Dávid; Schmotzer, András; Süveges, Kristóf; Takács, Attila; Vidéki, Róbert; Mesterházy, AttilaIn this compilation we present the first occurrences of 22 vascular plant species not previously documented from the territory of Hungary. Fifteen of the species are casuals, while seven of them are already naturalised, at least locally. We report the mass appearance and naturalization of Sagina maritima and the emergence of Carduus pycnocephalus along roadsides, single sites of Chaenorhinum litorale and Solanum elaeagnifolium near railway lines, and the localities of Lepidium latifolium and Sisymbrium volgense in various disturbed habitats, and some occurrences of Acalypha virginica in urban environments. The first record of Bacopa rotundifolia is from a rice field, while that of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides is from an urban lawn, and Senna tora occurred on construction debris. Among the species that appeared spontaneously as a result of earlier planting, Celastrus orbiculatus forms a naturalized population in a tree plantation, Hygrophila triflora and Pontederia cordata are present in artificial canals and lakes, and Cenchus longisetus has become naturalised and is spreading along the banks of the Danube in Szentendre. Most other species are associated with trampled or heavily disturbed habitats in built-up areas (pavement edges, fences, ruderal areas). Alnus cordata , Eryobotria japonica , Euonymus alatus , Paxistima canbyi , Pistacia terebinthus and Solanum pseudocapsicum are present as casuals, while Viola palmata has become naturalised in built-up environments. The naturalisation process of Allium aflatunense on a private property has also been documented.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Weed species composition of small-scale farmlands bears a strong crop-related and environmental signatureNagy, Katalin; Lengyel, Attila; Kovács, Attila; Türei, Dénes; Csergő, Anna Mária; Pinke, Gyula; PhD hallgató; egyetemi oktató, kutatóWeed species loss due to intensive agricultural land use has raised the need to understand how traditional cropland management has sustained a diverse weed flora. We evaluated to what extent cultivation practices and environmental conditions affect the weed species composition of a small-scale farmland mosaic in Central Transylvania (Romania). We recorded the abundance of weed species and 28 environmental, management and site context variables in 299 fields of maize, cereal and stubble. Using redundancy analysis, we revealed 22 variables with significant net effects, which explained 19.2% of the total variation in species composition. Cropland type had the most pronounced effect on weed composition with a clear distinction between cereal crops, cereal stubble and maize crops. Beyond these differences, the environmental context of croplands was a major driver of weed composition, with significant effects of geographic position, altitude, soil parameters (soil pH, texture, salt and humus content, CaCO3, P2O5, K2O, Na and Mg), as well as plot location (edge vs. core position) and surrounding habitat types (arable field, road margin, meadow, fallow, ditch). Performing a variation partitioning for the cropland types one by one, the environmental variables explained most of the variance compared with crop management. In contrast, when all sites were combined across different cropland types, the crop-specific factors were more important in explaining variance in weed community composition.