Szerző szerinti böngészés "zhao, xinying"

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    Exploring International Maritime Cargo Transport Frameworks to Evaluate Conventions, National Laws, and Emerging Challenges in the Era of Digitalisation and Sustainability
    zhao, xinying; tamás, fézer; DE--Gazdaságtudományi Kar
    The dissertation explores how digitalisation and sustainability issues can be integrated and addressed in global maritime cargo transport systems and legislation. The study utilises a qualitative research design, involving a systematic literature review (SLR). The focus was on the Hague-Visby Rules, the Hamburg and Rotterdam Rules, and the Chinese Maritime Code. Findings show that although the Hague-Visby Rules remain the most widespread and central, they are becoming obsolete in consideration of multimodal and digital logistics. The Hamburg and Rotterdam Rules are more balanced and favourable to shippers, but are not widely used. The comparative analysis indicates that the Maritime Code in China is inconsistent with international standards in some aspects and local priorities, which creates conflict when this law is used to regulate cross-border cases. A legal uncertainty regarding electronic bills of lading, multimodal liability, as well as environmental standards such as the IMO GHG Strategy and EU FuelEU Maritime, is also identified in the paper. Generally, it has been inferred that the harmonisation of digital and sustainability standards, the alignment of the UNCITRAL MLETR, and better planning of contracts must lead to some predictability, compliance, and just allocation of costs in international maritime law.