Fixed Functional Appliance Systems in Orthodontics

Abstract

Class II malocclusion is one of the main orthodontic problems affecting the population. Through advancing the mandible in a sagittal and vertical plane using functional appliances, dentoalveolar and skeletal changes occur. Fixed functional appliances are able to correct skeletal abnormalities for growing patients or patients who have passed the maximum pubertal growth. Fixed functional appliances are classified into three groups: rigid, flexible, hybrid.