The dissertation addresses the critical challenges and transformative dynamics within the dairy industries of Ukraine, Hungary, and Poland, focusing on market structures, financial performance, integration mechanisms, and resilience during periods of significant economic and geopolitical disruption. The research is particularly significant given the unique context of Eastern European dairy sectors, characterized by post-socialist transitions, EU integration processes, and the unprecedented challenges posed by the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine. Key recommendations focused on strategic interventions for stakeholders. Policy makers should develop targeted agricultural strategies and align regulatory frameworks with EU standards. Dairy enterprises must optimise scale, invest in technological resilience, and maintain financial flexibility. International partners are urged to provide coordinated support, facilitate knowledge exchange, and invest in human capital development within agricultural sectors.The research contributes significantly to understanding dairy sector dynamics in transition economies, offering evidence-based guidance for agricultural development, particularly in the context of European integration and post-conflict reconstruction.