Cancer is presenting a significant challenge to healthcare systems and prompting extensive research into novel treatment strategies. Traditional cancer therapies like surgery, radiation and chemotherapy often face limitations including nonspecificity, resistance development, and significant side effects. These challenges have driven the exploration of innovative approaches that harness the body's own defenses to combat malignancies, known as immunomodulatory therapies. This thesis work is a review of current literature of approved pharmacological immunomodulation therapies, focusing on their mechanism of action, clinical application, challenges and potential perspectives in the near future.