Theses (Faculty of Medicine)
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Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacological Treatment of ADHDMekky, Madhat H. M.; Pórszász , Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara; Szentmiklósi , József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetPharmacological treatment options of ADHD. Complex review of available literature on ADHD pharmacology. Comparison of drugs and their efficacies, safety profiles, mechanisms of action. Suggestions for future directions in ADHD treatment. Brief mention of non-pharmacological options for ADHD.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Treatment of Retinitis PigmentosaKadhim Mejbel, Ali; Porszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetRetinitis pigmentosa is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the eye comprised of group of inherited retinal diseases. The main pathology seen is the loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by loss of cons photoreceptor cell. Night vision loss is the first symptom of retinitis pigmentosa which will eventually progress to central visual field loss in concentric fashion. Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetically heterogenous disease therefore many genes are shown to affect the photoreceptor cells. Furthermore, the apoptic cell signaling seems to be the pathophysiological mechanism being in the background of the disease. Mutations in 3100 genes are shown to have an association with the non-syndromic type of retinitis pigmentosa as well as 1200 gene mutations in the syndromic type of retinitis pigmentosa (associated with non-ophthalmic symptoms). Diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa can be difficult for ophthalmologists so they are required to do a thorough examination including fundoscopic examination, optical coherence tomography, and electroretinography. Retinitis pigmentosa is not a curable disease however several treatment modalities have been applied and some are still under clinical trials which aims to slow the progression of the disease or in some cases reverse the progression. Current treatments used include vitamin A palmitate supplementation which is known to be essential in the photo transduction process as well as treatments using Hyperbaric oxygen aiming to increase the oxygen delivery to the photoreceptor layer in the retina. Furthermore, stem cell therapy has shown to be effective in the improvement of the patient's vision however safety concerns is still a challenge. Further treatment modalities are being developed including optogenetics and chemical photoswitches molecules which induce visual stimulation on a modified photoreceptor cells thereby utilizing light sources. Moreover, retinal prosthesis can also be used in the treatment of the disease as it is shown to be effective in restoring vision. Lastly, gene augmentation therapy, CRISPR/CAS-9 and antisense oligonucleotide therapy is a very effective modalities of treatment as it deals with the root pathological cause of the disease. However, above mentioned treatment modalities are still under development and research as it has shown that there is still limitations and complications associated with them.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advancements in Pharmacological Interventions for Myocardial Infarction: A Comprehensive Review of Traditional and Emerging TherapiesAbdulhadi, Mohammad; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Drimba, László; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás Tanszék; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás TanszékThe thesis "Advancements in Pharmacological Interventions for Myocardial Infarction" provides a comprehensive review of traditional and emerging therapies for myocardial infarction (MI). It examines the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles of traditional drugs like thrombolytics, antiplatelet agents, and anticoagulants, which have been cornerstones in MI management. Emerging therapies, such as stem cell and gene therapy, are explored for their potential to regenerate myocardial tissue and mitigate ischemic damage. The thesis also discusses biologics targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis as innovative approaches for cardioprotection and tissue repair. Acute management strategies, including reperfusion therapy and symptom relief, are highlighted alongside long-term treatments like lifestyle modifications, lipid-lowering drugs, and neurohormonal blockers. The study emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine and integrating traditional and biological therapies to improve patient outcomes and advance MI management.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető New Advances in the Treatment of Malignant MelanomaLai, Jen-Jung; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi , Barbara Dóra; Megyeri , Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThis thesis is written to review the new approaches for malignant melanoma. It includes immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic virus therapy, adoptive cell therapy, microbiome therapy, HDAC inhibitors, MCL-1 inhibitors, BRAF kinase inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, DDR inhibitors, and neoantigen vaccines.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Role of pharmacological treatment of conventional and modern therapy of glaucomaSeyed Hashem, Fazeli Monfared; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis research evaluated the effectiveness, safety, and patient adherence of conventional and modern pharmacological treatments for glaucoma. Conventional treatments, while effective in lowering intraocular pressure, often have side effects that reduce patient compliance. Modern therapies, including new drug classes and advanced delivery systems, show improved efficacy and better adherence due to fewer side effects. The study emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment plans that consider both clinical effectiveness and patient quality of life. Overall, the findings support the integration of innovative therapies and underscore the need for continued research to enhance glaucoma care.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The use of beta blocker in cardiology practiceRashedi, Mohammad; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis explores the clinical importance of beta blockers in cardiology. It outlines their physiological basis, mechanisms of action, and evolution across three generations of drugs. The research highlights their therapeutic roles in heart failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and arrhythmias. It also addresses ongoing debates regarding their metabolic effects and suitability in different patient populations. Despite some controversies, beta blockers remain a foundational element in cardiovascular treatment. The study emphasizes their continued relevance and potential for optimized, patient-specific therapy.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacological Treatment of HeadacheTanaka, Yukiko; Porszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis provides an overview of the pharmacological approaches to headache treatment. It discusses the classification and pathogenesis of primary headaches, including tension type headache, migraine, and cluster headache. The pharmacological treatment strategies for each type are presented in detail, with reference to the underlying mechanisms. Secondary headaches and their medical management are also briefly mentioned. The work aims to summarize current therapeutic options and support the underlying of drug-based interventions in headache management.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető A Modern Pharmacological Approach to AnticoagulationGammoh, Nasser; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis literature review examines the evolution, mechanisms, and clinical applications of anticoagulant therapies. It is focused on comparing traditional agents like warfarin and heparins with modern direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The review first explains the coagulation cascade and its physiological regulation. The pharmacology of anticoagulant drugs is also examined to explain how these drugs target different points in the coagulation process. The paper also describes the clinical indications of anticoagulation such as the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation-related stroke, and acute coronary syndromes. Warfarin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) have historically been the foundation of anticoagulant therapy for decades, with warfarin being essential in certain contexts due to its efficacy. Heparins are effective but limited by risks like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and administration challenges. The introduction of DOACs marked a significant advancement in anticoagulation, offering fixed dosing, fewer drug and food interactions, and reduced need for monitoring. DOACs have become the preferred treatment for most indications, including non-valvular atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and post-operative thromboprophylaxis. The future of anticoagulation lies in emerging therapies like Factor XI inhibitors and RNA- targeted agents, aiming to maintain efficacy while minimizing bleeding risk.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacology of COVID-19 VaccinesVerghese, Neaha Bil; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThis thesis explores the pharmacology of COVID-19 vaccines, focusing on their mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. It provides a comparative overview of major vaccine platforms—including mRNA, viral vector, and protein subunit vaccines—with special emphasis on those approved in the European Union. The work highlights how these vaccines induce both humoral and cellular immunity, contributing to long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2. It also addresses rare but notable adverse effects, balanced against the overwhelming clinical benefits observed globally. The thesis highlights the pivotal role of mRNA technology in vaccinology and its potential for future applications in the prevention of infectious diseases.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacology of inflammation and COX2 inhibitorsSanta, Amanda; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThis thesis explores the pathomechansim of inflammation and the usage of selective COX2 inhibitors. Mainly a high risk of pro-thrombotic events has been found to be related to their administration. Therefore alternative treatments for high-risk patients not suitable for using COX2 inhibitors is also being investigated. The clinical relevance and safety challenges with the usage of COX2 inhibitors is controversial. Therefore development of new COX2 inhibitors with an increased safety profile is being under development for the future.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Thyroid cancer treatmentSaito, Zen; Porszász , Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetABSTRACT Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine tumors in the community, and it has been on the rise for several decades. The disease is categorized into four subtypes of cancer: papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic thyroid cancer, each of which is treated differently. Although surgery and radioactive iodine therapy remain the primary treatments for differentiated thyroid cancer, patients with advanced or refractory illness require innovative pharmaceutical medications. The pharmacological treatment of thyroid cancer has increasingly expanded to include targeted, chemotherapy, and hormone replacement. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as sorafenib, lenvatinib, and cabozantinib, have demonstrated encouraging benefits in metastatic or progressing thyroid cancer. Furthermore, molecular targeted medicines such as BRAF, RET, and MEK inhibitors have altered the therapeutic landscape by presenting prospective personalized treatment alternatives. Immunotherapy is a new field that could help overcome drug resistance and enhance patient outcomes. However, there are still other issues, including as the emergence of drug resistance, hazardous effects, and the need for long-term efficacy trials. Current research efforts are focused on optimizing combination therapy, identifying new molecular pathways, and applying artificial intelligence to medication design and treatment decision making. Many clinical trials are still underway to test the safety and efficacy of new medications, which could lead to improved treatment in the near future.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Students of the University of Debrecen: Role in Increasing Stress LevelsAnikori, Ogheneyoma; Kolozsvári, László Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Családorvosi és Foglalkozás-egészségügyi Tanszék; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Kovács, Attila; Fűzi, Marta; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Pszichiátriai Tanszék; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Magatartástudományi IntézetThe COVID-19 pandemic led to strict government measures like curfews and social distancing, which significantly impacted the mental health of university students. Anxiety and depression were especially prevalent among individuals aged 16–30, with studies showing high rates among Chinese medical students. Stress, particularly through the HPA axis, was identified as a major contributor to mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and dissociation. Specific student-related factors such as perceived stress, loneliness, and lack of support heightened vulnerability to these conditions. Research at the University of Debrecen found that perceived social support helped lower depression levels, emphasizing the importance of targeted mental health support for students.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető the pharmacology of blinatumomabaliev, ruslan; Megyeri , Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetBlinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE®) antibody targeting CD19 on B-cells and CD3 on T-cells, designed to treat relapsed or refractory B-cell malignancies. It redirects T-cells to destroy tumor cells, achieving high response rates. The thesis focuses on the mechanism of action of blinatumomab in addition to the latest clinical trails and summarizes their reported results.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacological Approach to Different Types of AllergiesFUJITO, MIKI; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetFood allergies have become a major public health issue, with rising global prevalence and significant impact on quality of life and healthcare systems. This thesis examines the complex causes of food allergies, including immune system dysfunction, environmental factors, and genetic predisposition. Management combines prevention and treatment strategies, such as medications, immunotherapy, and emerging biologic therapies. While drugs like antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine manage acute symptoms, long-term care focuses on immunotherapy and targeted immune treatments. However, challenges like treatment adherence, access, and varied individual responses persist. A multidisciplinary, personalized approach is crucial to reducing the burden of food allergies and improving outcomes.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Antihyperlipidemic drugs and their role in DM and it's complicationsAverbuch, Galit; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dora; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetAntilipidemic drugs are used to treat hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemias. They are usually used long term and often in combination. This review shows updated data on current and new antihyperlipidemic drugs. Their use strategies and clinical management of diabetes and its complications. As well as their role in their prevention.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Conventional and novel trends in the treatment of major depressive disorderBunin, Tal; Porszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetMajor Depressive Disorder is a common psychiatric condition, and a leading cause of disability worldwide, affecting millions of individuals across diverse age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds. Fortunately, depression is highly treatable. Pharmacotherapy, certain forms of psychotherapy, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) all show antidepressant efficacy, leading to significantly improving patients' quality of life. However, despite the clear benefits of these treatments, many challenges and unanswered questions remain. A significant number of patients do not fully respond to available treatments. Even with aggressive treatment, up to 20% may show little or no improvement. Research into the neurobiological basis of mood disorders has made significant strides in recent decades, offering new insights into the neurochemical, neuroanatomical, and genetic factors underlying depression. This progress has opened promising new avenues for the development of more effective antidepressant treatments.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető PTSD Prevention and Growth after PTSDEmamgholizadeh, Armin; Frecska, Ede Otto; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Pszichiátriai Tanszék; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Fábián, Balázs; Andrási, Gábor; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Magatartástudományi Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Pszichiátriai TanszékThis thesis explores the mechanisms and strategies involved in the prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the promotion of post-traumatic growth (PTG). It investigates the neurobiological, psychological, and sociocultural factors that influence trauma processing and recovery. Emphasis is placed on resilience-building interventions, early psychological support, and the importance of cultural context in trauma responses. The paper also examines intergenerational trauma and how societal healing frameworks can contribute to recovery. Findings highlight that growth after trauma is not only possible but can be facilitated through targeted, individualized approaches. The work underscores the importance of holistic and culturally sensitive prevention strategies in mental health care.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Current Pharmacology of Antihypertensive AgentsShafei , Maryam; Varga, Balázs; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Lekli, István; Juhász, Béla; Gyógyszerésztudományi Kar::Gyógyszerhatástani Tanszék; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThe thesis addresses how current antihypertensive drugs work by studying their mechanism of action, effectiveness and safety profile alongside non-drug treatments for hypertension which include dietary and lifestyle modifications. It analyzes hypertension pathophysiology by extensively examining how the renin-angiotensin system along with natriuretic peptides and endothelial functions regulate blood pressure balance. The approach to pharmacotherapy for hypertension during pregnancy receives detailed examination concerning its safety and effectiveness. This research comprehensively evaluates antihypertensive medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics and establishes usage protocols for different patient profiles.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Antiarrythmic treatment for inherited arrythmiaYAZAKI, Shihomi; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Dóra Barbara; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetInherited arrythmia is arrythmia caused by genetic disorder which disrupt the electrical activity of the heart. They cause life threatening cardiac event such as syncope, seizure, and sudden cardiac death. They include Long QT syndrome, short QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Genetic mutations in ion channel genes and associated pathways form the basis of arrhythmogenesis, leading to abnormal cardiac excitability and conduction. This thesis starts with physiology of heart conduction system, which is important to understand arrythmia, and any type of arrythmia. Also this thesis explore the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of inherited arrythmias, emphasizing the critical role of interdisciplinary care in managing these conditions.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Antihyperlipidemic drugs and their role in DM and it's complicationsAverbuch, Galit; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetAntilipidemic drugs are used to treat hypercholesterolemia and dyslipidemias. They are usually used long term and often in combination. This review shows updated data on current and new antihyperlipidemic drugs. Their use strategies and clinical management of diabetes and its complications. As well as their role in their prevention.