Theses (Faculty of Medicine)
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Megjelenítve 1 - 20 (Összesen 1712)
Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Optimizing surface sampling for healthcare pathogen detection: The effect of sample size and swabbing techniques on pathogen recoveryAbboud, Eric; Freytag, Csongor; Cseri, Karolina; Metagenomikai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szatmári, István; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biokémiai és Molekuláris Biológiai IntézetThis study evaluates how sampling size and swabbing techniques influence the recovery of pathogens from environmental surfaces in healthcare settings. Stainless steel surfaces were inoculated with bacterial strains, and sampling was done using both individual and pooled methods across 10x10, 5x5, and 2x2 cm areas. Results showed that larger surfaces and pooled sampling increased recovery efficiency. Metagenomic analysis using Oxford Nanopore sequencing enabled rapid and high-resolution identification of bacterial species and antimicrobial resistance markers. Findings support integrating culture-based and sequencing approaches to improve infection control protocols. The study highlights the need for standardized surface sampling strategies in healthcare environments.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető AMR prevalence in domestic dogs in Hungarian citiesAlamanova, Azhar; Benmazouz, Isma; Cseri , Karolina; Metagenomikai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarThis study investigates the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in dog feces collected from urban green spaces in two major Hungarian cities, Budapest and Debrecen. Of the 399 samples analyzed, 26 isolates of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales were identified. Among these, 88.5% (23/26) demonstrated resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes. The genomic DNA of the bacterial isolates was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and whole genome sequencing. Most ESBL-encoding genes were plasmid-mediated, suggesting acquired resistance rather than intrinsic. Sequence types, phylogenetic grouping and virulence factors were also determined, revealing a genetically diverse set of isolates.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető RUNX3 directed blood cell progenitor formation from pluripotent embryonic stem cellsGhanem, Marah; István, Szatmári; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biokémiai és Molekuláris Biológiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Demény, Márton Ágoston; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Orvosi Vegytani IntézetThis study explores the role of the transcription factor RUNX3 in early blood cell development using an ex vivo embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation system. ESCs were cultured to form embryoid bodies and further differentiated in the presence or absence of doxycycline to induce RUNX3 expression. Flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of key hematopoietic markers, including CD41, CD45, and c-Kit. The results showed that RUNX3 induction increased the proportion of c-Kit/CD41 double-positive early blood progenitors. Additionally, real-time PCR analysis confirmed that myb, a gene essential for hematopoietic progenitor development, was upregulated in RUNX3-induced cells, further supporting RUNX3’s role in promoting hematopoietic precursor formation during early development.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Proteomic Profiling of Palmitate-Induced Stress During SGBS Adipocyte DifferentiationArda, Adzani Gaisani Arda; Csősz, Éva; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biokémiai és Molekuláris Biológiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarObesity and metabolic disorders are strongly associated with high-fat diets, with palmitate playing a key role in adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance. However, proteomic changes during adipocyte differentiation under palmitate exposure using human cell lines like SGBS remain underexplored. This study investigates these changes by differentiating SGBS pre-adipocytes (PA) into white adipocytes (WA), with a subset treated with palmitate (WP). Proteomic profiling was conducted using micro sTRAP digestion and LC-ESI-MS/MS with data-independent acquisition. WA and WP both showed upregulation of metabolic enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism and energy production. Notably, WP exhibited distinct stress-related signatures, including downregulation of ER and lysosomal proteins, ECM remodeling, and increased translation-related proteins, indicating disrupted differentiation and cellular stress resembling obesity conditions.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Localisation of transglutaminase 2 RNA binding siteMwaimbe Aswa, Alexander; Csaholczi, Bianka; Király, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biokémiai és Molekuláris Biológiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarTransglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a diverse, ubiquitous, multifunctional protein involved in diverse biological functions. Evidence from our previous study depicts TG2 binds RNA, potentially playing a role in post-transcriptional regulations. The objective of this study was to decipher the RNA-binding site within transglutaminase 2 and to demonstrate the amino acid residues that are involved in this interaction. Our results demonstrated that truncated TG2 (1-582aa) maintained its RNA binding ability, suggesting that the C-terminal beta-barrel domain is not involved in the RNA binding. However, TG2 nucleotide binding site mutants demonstrated impaired RNA-binding properties suggesting that the GTP binding sites present on the core domain within TG2 contributes to TG2- RNA interaction. In conclusion, our results provide additional evidence about the TG2 RNA binding site and its potential regulation by nucleotide binding, which could be involved in the mechanism of essential cellular processes.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Sigma-1 receptor: A mysterious, novel regulator of human sebocyte biologyNitu Devi , Nitu Devi; Oláh, Attila; Ádám-Nagy, Dorottya; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Élettani Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarThis study confirmed that the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) is expressed in human SZ95 sebocytes. σ1R modulators used in this research did not affect cell viability or polar lipid synthesis. However, two activators, fluvoxamine slightly increased, while SA 4503 decreased lipid production. SA 4503 also had minimal impact on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Overall, σ1R appears to have a limited and unclear role in sebocytes, requiring further study with more specific methods such as siRNA- transfection approaches.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Biochemical characterization of a retrotransposon gag-like protein (RTL3)Mwangi, Yvonne Wanjiku; Mótyán, János András; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biokémiai és Molekuláris Biológiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarThe mammalian proteome contains multiple proteins encoded by retrovirus- or retrotransposon-related genes, as a consequence of the productive integration of DNA copies of viral RNA molecules into the genomes of host germ cells during early mammalian evolution. The retroviral origin of these proteins is supported by their high similarity to protein domains found in retroviruses, such as capsid-like and protease domains. Among these are the RTL (retrotransposon-like) proteins, including PEG, PNMA, and other RTL family members. We investigated mouse RTL3 (mmRTL3) by expressing both wild-type and mutant forms in mammalian cell lines to study protein expression, cellular effects, localization, proteolytic activity, and interaction partners. We found that mmRTL3 is expressed in mouse heart tissue; the wild-type protein localizes to the cytosol, while the frameshift mutant localizes to the ER. RTL3 has a frameshift efficiency of approximately 30%, lacks proteolytic activity, and forms extracellular viral-like vesicles. It also interacts with proteins involved in metabolic processes and translation.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Horizontal Gene Transfer of ESBL Genes in Biofilms on Indwelling Medical DevicesMatarik, Ghadir; Kardos, Gábor; Timmer, Bálint; Metagenomikai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarAntimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly due to plasmid-borne ESBL genes, poses a global health threat. Indwelling medical devices promote bacterial colonization and biofilm formation, facilitating horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of resistance genes. This study examined plasmid conjugation on Tiemann catheters, Foley balloon catheters, and endotracheal tubes using a CTX-M-55-producing E. coli donor and rifampicin-resistant J53 recipient. Colonization and conjugation were assessed via quantitative plating and ImageJ analysis, and transconjugants were confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. Conjugation frequencies varied by device, with significantly higher transfer observed on Tiemann catheters compared to ETTs (p = 0.0076). These findings suggest that indwelling devices not only harbor MDR bacteria but actively promote resistance gene dissemination, underscoring their role as AMR reservoirs in clinical settings.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Unraveling the Dynamics of Ser126 Phosphorylation in Paxillin: A Focus on Phosphatase ActivityPérez Santamaría, Fernanda Estefanía; Boratkó, Anita; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Orvosi Vegytani Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarPaxillin is a focal adhesion adaptor protein essential for cell adhesion and migration, regulated by reversible phosphorylation. In endothelial cells, phosphorylation at serine 126 (Ser126) plays a key role in processes like angiogenesis and vascular permeability. This study aimed to identify the phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating Ser126, a previously unexplored mechanism. Using recombinant paxillin and in vitro kinase assays, we confirmed that PKC phosphorylates Ser126. Inhibition studies in endothelial cells revealed that calcineurin mediates Ser126 dephosphorylation. Phosphorylation at Ser126 enhances paxillin localization to focal adhesions, suggesting a dynamic regulatory mechanism in endothelial cell signaling.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Effect of Competition of Nuclear Receptors in Phosphate-Mediated Ectopic Calcification in Calcific Aortic Valve DiseaseMerazga , Rim; György, Vámosi; Arpan, Chowdhury; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biofizikai és Sejtbiológiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Jambrovics, Károly; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Biokémiai és Molekuláris Biológiai IntézetBone calcification is a physiological process where calcium salts are deposited within collagen fibers in bones and teeth in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals. However, under pathological conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), calcium salts accumulate and deposit in soft tissues ( such as the brain, eyes, and heart ) in a process called ectopic calcification. This abnormal biomineralization, which is driven by hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia, poses serious health risks, including cardiovascular complications like calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Vitamin D, another known inducer of calcification, is generally used as a supplement during CKD to maintain bone health. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) needs to heterodimerize with Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) for its function, like some other nuclear receptors (NRs) such as Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ), Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), etc. It is also proven that nuclear receptors compete for heterodimerization with RXR in a ligand-dependent manner. Based on the above-mentioned information, we ask whether VDR agonist induces aortic valve calcification? And if agonists of other NRs (RAR, PPARγ) influence this process?Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Bacteriophage isolation from wastewater samples against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strainsBotero Pérez, Mateo; Szoták, Evelin; Demkó-Fidrus, Eszter; Metagenomikai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarThis study focused on isolating and analyzing bacteriophages against multidrug-resistant, ESBL-positive Escherichia coli strains obtained from the One Health Institute of the University of Debrecen. Antimicrobial resistance of the ten strains was assessed using the disc diffusion method, revealing resistance to multiple antibiotics but sensitivity to carbapenems. Bacteriophages were isolated from 15 wastewater samples in Budapest using the spot test, and 127 phage-containing samples were identified. Among these, 23 phage genomes were sequenced using Oxford Nanopore MinION, with 22 being virulent and one temperate. Genome sizes ranged from 37 to 136 kb, with no detected virulence or resistance genes, and 48%–72% of predicted proteins were hypothetical. The phages were genetically diverse, with several classified into known families or genera, and ten were E. coli-specific, making them promising candidates for future phage therapy development.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Isolation of Bacteriophages against Multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Optimizing the DNA Isolation TechniquesKoja, Hanna; Szarka, Krisztina; Szoták, Evelin; Metagenomikai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi KarThis study focuses on the isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from wastewater samples to combat multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, as well as optimizing phage DNA extraction methods for long-read sequencing. This study focuses on the isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from wastewater samples to combat multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, as well as optimizing phage DNA extraction methods for long-read sequencing.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacological Treatment of ADHDMekky, Madhat H. M.; Pórszász , Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi, Barbara; Szentmiklósi , József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetPharmacological treatment options of ADHD. Complex review of available literature on ADHD pharmacology. Comparison of drugs and their efficacies, safety profiles, mechanisms of action. Suggestions for future directions in ADHD treatment. Brief mention of non-pharmacological options for ADHD.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Treatment of Retinitis PigmentosaKadhim Mejbel, Ali; Porszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetRetinitis pigmentosa is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the eye comprised of group of inherited retinal diseases. The main pathology seen is the loss of rod photoreceptor cells followed by loss of cons photoreceptor cell. Night vision loss is the first symptom of retinitis pigmentosa which will eventually progress to central visual field loss in concentric fashion. Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetically heterogenous disease therefore many genes are shown to affect the photoreceptor cells. Furthermore, the apoptic cell signaling seems to be the pathophysiological mechanism being in the background of the disease. Mutations in 3100 genes are shown to have an association with the non-syndromic type of retinitis pigmentosa as well as 1200 gene mutations in the syndromic type of retinitis pigmentosa (associated with non-ophthalmic symptoms). Diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa can be difficult for ophthalmologists so they are required to do a thorough examination including fundoscopic examination, optical coherence tomography, and electroretinography. Retinitis pigmentosa is not a curable disease however several treatment modalities have been applied and some are still under clinical trials which aims to slow the progression of the disease or in some cases reverse the progression. Current treatments used include vitamin A palmitate supplementation which is known to be essential in the photo transduction process as well as treatments using Hyperbaric oxygen aiming to increase the oxygen delivery to the photoreceptor layer in the retina. Furthermore, stem cell therapy has shown to be effective in the improvement of the patient's vision however safety concerns is still a challenge. Further treatment modalities are being developed including optogenetics and chemical photoswitches molecules which induce visual stimulation on a modified photoreceptor cells thereby utilizing light sources. Moreover, retinal prosthesis can also be used in the treatment of the disease as it is shown to be effective in restoring vision. Lastly, gene augmentation therapy, CRISPR/CAS-9 and antisense oligonucleotide therapy is a very effective modalities of treatment as it deals with the root pathological cause of the disease. However, above mentioned treatment modalities are still under development and research as it has shown that there is still limitations and complications associated with them.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Advancements in Pharmacological Interventions for Myocardial Infarction: A Comprehensive Review of Traditional and Emerging TherapiesAbdulhadi, Mohammad; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Drimba, László; Megyeri, Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás Tanszék; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Aneszteziológiai és Intenzív Terápiás TanszékThe thesis "Advancements in Pharmacological Interventions for Myocardial Infarction" provides a comprehensive review of traditional and emerging therapies for myocardial infarction (MI). It examines the mechanisms, efficacy, and safety profiles of traditional drugs like thrombolytics, antiplatelet agents, and anticoagulants, which have been cornerstones in MI management. Emerging therapies, such as stem cell and gene therapy, are explored for their potential to regenerate myocardial tissue and mitigate ischemic damage. The thesis also discusses biologics targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis as innovative approaches for cardioprotection and tissue repair. Acute management strategies, including reperfusion therapy and symptom relief, are highlighted alongside long-term treatments like lifestyle modifications, lipid-lowering drugs, and neurohormonal blockers. The study emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine and integrating traditional and biological therapies to improve patient outcomes and advance MI management.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető New Advances in the Treatment of Malignant MelanomaLai, Jen-Jung; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Halasi , Barbara Dóra; Megyeri , Attila; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai IntézetThis thesis is written to review the new approaches for malignant melanoma. It includes immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic virus therapy, adoptive cell therapy, microbiome therapy, HDAC inhibitors, MCL-1 inhibitors, BRAF kinase inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, DDR inhibitors, and neoantigen vaccines.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Role of pharmacological treatment of conventional and modern therapy of glaucomaSeyed Hashem, Fazeli Monfared; Szentmiklósi, József; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis research evaluated the effectiveness, safety, and patient adherence of conventional and modern pharmacological treatments for glaucoma. Conventional treatments, while effective in lowering intraocular pressure, often have side effects that reduce patient compliance. Modern therapies, including new drug classes and advanced delivery systems, show improved efficacy and better adherence due to fewer side effects. The study emphasizes the importance of personalized treatment plans that consider both clinical effectiveness and patient quality of life. Overall, the findings support the integration of innovative therapies and underscore the need for continued research to enhance glaucoma care.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető The use of beta blocker in cardiology practiceRashedi, Mohammad; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis explores the clinical importance of beta blockers in cardiology. It outlines their physiological basis, mechanisms of action, and evolution across three generations of drugs. The research highlights their therapeutic roles in heart failure, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and arrhythmias. It also addresses ongoing debates regarding their metabolic effects and suitability in different patient populations. Despite some controversies, beta blockers remain a foundational element in cardiovascular treatment. The study emphasizes their continued relevance and potential for optimized, patient-specific therapy.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető Pharmacological Treatment of HeadacheTanaka, Yukiko; Porszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Szentmiklósi, József; Halasi, Barbara; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis thesis provides an overview of the pharmacological approaches to headache treatment. It discusses the classification and pathogenesis of primary headaches, including tension type headache, migraine, and cluster headache. The pharmacological treatment strategies for each type are presented in detail, with reference to the underlying mechanisms. Secondary headaches and their medical management are also briefly mentioned. The work aims to summarize current therapeutic options and support the underlying of drug-based interventions in headache management.Tétel Korlátozottan hozzáférhető A Modern Pharmacological Approach to AnticoagulationGammoh, Nasser; Pórszász, Róbert; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; DE--Általános Orvostudományi Kar; Megyeri, Attila; Halasi, Barbara Dóra; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Farmakológiai és Farmakoterápiai Intézet; Általános Orvostudományi Kar::Igazságügyi Orvostani IntézetThis literature review examines the evolution, mechanisms, and clinical applications of anticoagulant therapies. It is focused on comparing traditional agents like warfarin and heparins with modern direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The review first explains the coagulation cascade and its physiological regulation. The pharmacology of anticoagulant drugs is also examined to explain how these drugs target different points in the coagulation process. The paper also describes the clinical indications of anticoagulation such as the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic events like deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, atrial fibrillation-related stroke, and acute coronary syndromes. Warfarin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) have historically been the foundation of anticoagulant therapy for decades, with warfarin being essential in certain contexts due to its efficacy. Heparins are effective but limited by risks like heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and administration challenges. The introduction of DOACs marked a significant advancement in anticoagulation, offering fixed dosing, fewer drug and food interactions, and reduced need for monitoring. DOACs have become the preferred treatment for most indications, including non-valvular atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, and post-operative thromboprophylaxis. The future of anticoagulation lies in emerging therapies like Factor XI inhibitors and RNA- targeted agents, aiming to maintain efficacy while minimizing bleeding risk.