Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, represent a significant global health burden, characterized by recurrent disturbances in mood, cognition, and functioning .This thesis provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological treatment strategies used in mood disorders. It examines the major classes of medications, including antidepressants—such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)—as well as mood stabilizers like lithium and anticonvulsants, and second-generation antipsychotics. It also explores novel treatment options like ketamine and other glutamergic agents