fix functional appliances in the orthodontics

Abstract

fixed functional appliances are one of the treatment options of class ii malocclusion in growing and non growing patients when the problem is in mandible. there are so many appliances invented by different orthodontics over the time which are hybrid and derivatives of one another with mutual aim which is correction of class ii malocclusion. according to literature, herbst appliance has grown to be the most popular fixed functional appliance .