This thesis examined how government initiatives and foreign aid affected agricultural output and poverty in Nigeria. This work has presented a multi-dimensional knowledge of the complicated interaction between these variables by a comprehensive literature review, empirical analysis using World Bank and FAO data, and a public opinion survey. The quantitative data from online databases helps to visualize that there has been a modest progress in production value of Nigerian agriculture. Moreover, there has been a noticeable increase in productivity since 1960s due to rapid adoption of fertilizers. Despite all these, the agricultural sectors production and share in economy is decreasing consistently.