The availability of new advances in the pharmacological management of HIV has made HIV a chronic and medically manageable condition. With improving access and availability of HIV drugs, the life expectancy of HIV patients has increased. Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy in reducing viral loads and improving patient health, it has not been possible to cure an individual of HIV infection in order to induce permanent remission in the absence of therapy. For years now, great research efforts have been made to understand the exact mechanism of HIV persistence and to develop therapies or prevention methods to eliminate or permanently suppress HIV strands in people. The effects of a cure would substantially benefit the individual, resolving the need for lifelong daily therapy and also benefit the society by reducing the costs of treatment and the rate of HIV transmission.The availability of combination antiretroviral therapy for prevention as well as treatment and other prevention methods suggests that HIV infection can be controlled with available breakthrough medications from appropriate research.