The effect of crop rotation and fertilization on wheat and maize in the pedoclimatic conditions of the Banat Plain

Abstract

The simplification of the plant cultures range and the yields in the last 10-15 years brings into the actuality the role of crop rotation and of fertilization on the yield level and stability for wheat and maize even on the soils with a high natural fertility. The results of the researches performed between the years 2006 – 2009 on a cambic low gleyed chernozem from the Banat Plain showed that the wheat cultivated in monoculture gives productions with 59-81% lower than that cultivated in crop rotation with other plants during 2-4 years. In maize, the yield obtained in monoculture is situated behind that obtained in crop rotation with 11-21%. The most favorable crop rotations for wheat were rape-wheat in a 4 years rotation and soybean-wheat in simple rotation of 2 years. In maize, the most favorable was the 2 years rotation (wheat-maize). The mineral fertilization was very efficient both in wheat (11-36%) and maize (9-31%). The organic fertilization with manure was very efficient for maize, the yields being superior with a mean value by 34% for a 60 t/ha dose and with 16% for 30t/ha. The fertilization compensates the negative effect expressed by the monocultivation only in a small measure