The Effects of Heavy Metals on Human Metabolism

Abstract

The impact of technological advancements is evident in the increasing levels of heavy metals in drinking water, which have surpassed the recommended limits imposed by regulatory bodies worldwide. Drinking water is a primary source of human exposure to heavy metals, such as arsenic, lead, nickel, cadmium, and mercury, and the consequences of consuming contaminated water have gradually gained attention from relevant personnel and departments. Occupational exposure to heavy metals occurs when these metals are used in industrial processes or materials, including color pigments and alloys. The detrimental effects of heavy metal contamination on human metabolism have been observed worldwide, including a series of adverse effects. The toxicity of heavy metals is attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative damage and lead to health problems. Hence, water contaminated with heavy metals has high morbidity and mortality rates globally. This paper aims to raise awareness about the sources, distribution, and effects of various heavy metals on human metabolism.