This thesis explores the pharmacological management of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), focusing on both wet and dry forms of the disease. It provides an in-depth review of approved anti-VEGF therapies for wet AMD, including their mechanisms, clinical efficacy, side effects, and cost considerations. The work also highlights emerging treatments for dry AMD, particularly complement inhibitors, and discusses investigational therapies such as gene therapy and stem cell transplantation. Diagnostic methods and staging systems are covered to contextualize therapeutic decision-making. Overall, the thesis emphasizes the importance of early intervention and ongoing research to improve outcomes for patients affected by AMD.