Anti-Diabetic Potential of Karela (Momordica charantia): A Functional Food Approach Using Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

In recent decades, the prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study was carried out against the backdrop of the growing global burden of diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose regulation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and persistent inflammation. The main objective was to investigate the anti-diabetic potential of Momordica charantia as a functional food, using Drosophila melanogaster as an experimental model organism. A randomized experimental design was used, with Drosophila melanogaster exposed to three dietary environments. The findings suggest that Momordica charantia has promising potential as a functional food for managing hyperglycemic stress. Its effects appear to arise from the combined action of its bioactive compounds, influencing multiple physiological pathways. Momordica charantia shows clear potential as a dietary strategy for improving metabolic health, although its effectiveness depends strongly on appropriate dosage.