Comparative Efficacy of Insulin Therapy vs Oral Antidiabetic Agents in T1DM and T2DM

Abstract

This thesis reviews the comparative efficacy of insulin therapy and oral antidiabetic agents in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Insulin is essential in type 1 diabetes due to absolute insulin deficiency. In type 2 diabetes, oral agents such as metformin, sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists are first-line options. Insulin provides strong glycemic control in advanced disease, but oral agents often improve convenience, reduce cost, and lower hypoglycemia and weight gain risks. The thesis emphasizes the need for individualized treatment strategies combining pharmacologic therapy with lifestyle modification.