New Advances in Senile Macular Degeneration

Abstract

This thesis reviews the current pharmacological management of senile macular degeneration in both dry and wet forms. It explains the main disease mechanisms, especially oxidative stress, inflammation, complement dysregulation, and VEGF-driven angiogenesis. It also discusses the shift from supportive care to targeted therapies such as anti-VEGF agents and complement inhibitors. Recent advances, including faricimab, sustained drug delivery systems, and gene therapy, are also covered. Overall, the thesis shows that AMD treatment is moving toward more durable, targeted, and personalized pharmacological strategies.