New advancement In the Treatment Of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), or Huntington’s disease (HD) are neurodegenerative diseases that continue to present major clinical challenges due to their ongoing progression and the absence of curative treatment options. This thesis highlights recent and emerging treatment strategies across three therapeutic domains, each presented in a dedicated chapter. The first focuses on Lecanemab, a newly approved monoclonal antibody that slows cognitive and functional decline in Alzheimer’s disease. The second introduces therapies still under investigation, including Tavapadon for Parkinson’s and AMT-130 gene therapy for Huntington’s, both showing optimistic early results. The third section presents future directions, highlighting the role of artificial intelligence in drug development, the potential of stem cell–based therapies, and the use of extracellular vesicles as a novel delivery system. While some of these therapies are still in early stages or limited in use, they represent real progress and reflect a growing shift toward more personalized, targeted, and long-term approaches in treating neurodegenerative diseases. At the same time, the development and approval of these therapies face common challenges, including stringent regulatory requirements, the need for long-term safety data, and the difficulty of measuring outcomes in slowly progressing diseases. These obstacles underscore the importance of continued innovation not only in therapeutic strategies but also in the frameworks that bring them to patients.