The thesis addresses how current antihypertensive drugs work by studying their mechanism of action, effectiveness and safety profile alongside non-drug treatments for hypertension which include dietary and lifestyle modifications. It analyzes hypertension pathophysiology by extensively examining how the renin-angiotensin system along with natriuretic peptides and endothelial functions regulate blood pressure balance. The approach to pharmacotherapy for hypertension during pregnancy receives detailed examination concerning its safety and effectiveness. This research comprehensively evaluates antihypertensive medications such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics and establishes usage protocols for different patient profiles.