This thesis delivers a thorough overview of pharmacological strategies for postoperative pain management. It clearly explains the physiological mechanisms of nociception and the body's intense stress response to surgical trauma. It evaluates the mechanisms, benefits, and safety profiles of various analgesics, including NSAIDs, paracetamol, local anesthetics, and opioids. A major strength of the work is its strong emphasis on multimodal analgesia, a strategy that combines different drug classes to maximize pain relief while minimizing opioid-related side effects. Ultimately, the research successfully demonstrates how proactive pain control through protocols like ERAS prevents the transition from acute discomfort to chronic post surgical pain