Gastritis, an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, can lead to gastric cancer if untreated for a prolonged period. However, it is treatable, and early diagnosis and timely treatment can reduce the risk of cancer. This paper emphasizes the importance of reviewing recent knowledge on gastritis for effective diagnosis and treatment. Specifically, it discusses atrophic gastritis, which has a heightened risk of neoplastic transformation. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance, especially in Helicobacter pylori, underscores the need for updated treatment regimens. Consequently, the manuscript explores past and current treatment approaches, including the shift towards susceptibility-based treatments.