Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia. This unchecked chronic hyperglycemia can give rise to a myriad of complications including blindness, myocardial infarction and renal failure. These complications, left untreated, can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This thesis reviews the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment modalities for the chronic complications of T2DM with special emphasis on the microvascular and macrovascular complications. The importance of a multidisciplinary approach and lifestyle modifications, glycemic control, pharmacologic and surgical intervention in the management of chronic diabetic complications will be discussed here.