With the continuous development of economic globalization and economic regionalization, the CEE countries and China's influence on international trade is growing. Under the Belt and Road Initiative, the construction of the "16 + 1" model begins to make the scale and scope of bilateral economic and trade cooperation goes deeply, mainly manifested in the rapid growth of total import and export volume between two sides. Based on research of the economic and trade relations between two regions, this paper firstly interprets the macro-background and strategic positioning of the Belt and Road. Then continues by in-depth research and analysis of the current situation, characteristics and existing problems in the development of China-CEECs economic and trade cooperation, as well as the influence of the Belt and Road on them. Finally, it summarizes of the corresponding countermeasures and proposals for bilateral cooperation, as a response to the future challenges.