Comparative Analysis of Tumor Marker Expression in Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas

Abstract

This thesis investigates the expression of six immunohistochemical tumor markers—BRAF, CK19, Galectin-3, HBME-1, MIB-1, and p53—in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). A total of 80 thyroid tissue samples, including 30 PTC, 10 FTC, and 40 control samples, were analyzed using tissue microarray technology and the Histoscore method. Statistical analysis revealed significantly higher expression of all six markers in PTC compared to control tissues. BRAF, CK19, Galectin-3, HBME-1, and MIB-1 demonstrated significant differences between PTC and FTC, whereas p53 showed no significant difference. In FTC, only MIB-1 and p53 exhibited significantly different expression compared to control tissues. These findings highlight the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical markers in differentiating thyroid carcinoma subtypes and improving the accuracy of thyroid cancer diagnosis.