From Assistance to Dependency: A Study of Trust and Cognitive-Behavioural Dependence on Conversational AI Systems

Abstract

This study investigates how AI literacy and attitudes relate to dependency on conversational AI among university students. Results indicate that positive attitudes mediate the relationship between AI literacy and dependency, which in turn predicts problematic AI use. Findings highlight the paradox that greater familiarity with AI may increase reliance, underscoring the importance of critical engagement. (updated version)