Use of Histone Deacetylase inhibitors (HDI): Novel advances in cancer treatment

Abstract

In conclusion, via regulating gene expression and chromatin structure, HDACs are essential for epigenetic regulation. Their dysregulation is closely linked to the onset and spread of cancer, mainly by enhancing oncogenic pathways and suppressing tumor suppressor genes. These epigenetic changes can be reversed by HDI, which have become useful therapeutic treatments. HDI stimulate the reactivation of genes, trigger apoptosis, arrest the cell cycle, and disrupt several cellular functions needed for tumor survival by increasing histone acetylation. Their anticancer potential is further enhanced by their additional effects on the tumor microenvironment. The clinical uses of HDI in hematological malignancies have shown significant therapeutic benefits even in cases that are resistant to treatment. Combination therapies have shown positive outcomes as well. However, related side effects still exist. In the end, HDI offer a novel method of focusing on the fundamental process of tumor growth, representing a significant progress in the field of epigenetic cancer treatment.