Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, driven by amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau pathology. Anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) like aducanumab, lecanemab, and donanemab aim to slow progression by promoting microglial clearance of Aβ plaques. These therapies have shown modest clinical benefits in early-stage AD, but risks such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), especially in APOE4 carriers, remain a concern. While not curative, mAbs represent a significant advancement in disease-modifying treatment. Ongoing trials continue to assess long-term efficacy, safety, and patient selection strategies.