Geopolitical Implications of Hydrogen Energy Economics in Europe: Assessing the Role of Biogeography, Resource Distribution, and Diplomatic Relations

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In summary, this paper has sought to thoroughly examine the EU27 + Norway and the UK’s hydrogen economic potential through three lenses— biogeographic, economic, and policy. The biogeographical analysis examined renewable energy potential through the variables of bioenergy, hydropower, geothermal, solar, and green (defined as a mix of solar and wind), as well as the distribution of natural gas networks in Europe. To take this further, a comparison with pre-existing power plants shows how countries have harnessed these resources on a regional basis. From solar power cooperation in the Mediterranean to offshore wind trading in the Atlantic, biogeography and the natural resources of a region form the benchmark of energy resources. This is further consolidated by the regional energy cooperations examined in this paper, which will be further examined in the following paragraphs. An economic analysis including game theory strategies were used to look at blue-green hydrogen competition. Overall, the paper indicates strengths and weaknesses of the European hydrogen economy, and policy considerations to take it forward.

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EU27, green hydrogen, grey hydrogen, SMR (Steam Methane Reformation), RES (Renewable Energy Sources), electrolysers, UNFCCC, hydrogen economics, market analysis
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