This thesis explores recent advances in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, a major modifiable risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Although statins remain the cornerstone of lipid-lowering therapy, many patients fail to achieve target LDL levels or experience statin intolerance, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. The study reviews emerging targeted therapies, including PCSK9 inhibitors (such as alirocumab), siRNA-based treatments (inclisiran), and ANGPTL3 inhibitors (evinacumab), which provide potent and sustained LDL reduction. It also discusses novel Lp(a)-lowering agents—such as pelacarsen, olpasiran, lepodisiran, and muvalaplin—that address a previously untreatable cardiovascular risk factor. Additionally, newer CETP inhibitors and gene-editing technologies like CRISPR are examined for their potential to deliver long-lasting or even one-time therapeutic effects. Overall, these innovations signal a shift toward precision, mechanism-based therapies that may redefine the future of cardiovascular prevention.