This research shows perspective discussion on environment, sanitation, disease burden caused by inadequate sanitation in african and asian countries. In these countries inadequate sanitation systems can contribute to the spread of various diseases. According to the data of the World Health Organization, each year more than 800 000 people, among these many children under the age of 5, die due to poor sanitation services in low and middle income countries. This thesis shows perspective discussion on environment, sanitation and disease burden caused by inadequate sanitation and unsafe water in African countries compared to Asian countries. It describes the public health significance of sanitation and highlights its advantage.